Citation and commencement

1. This Order may be cited as the Value Added Tax (Special provisions) Order 1995, and shall come into force on 1st June 1995.

Interpretation

2. In this Order-

"finance agreement" means an agreement for the sale of goods whereby the property in those goods is not to be transferred until the whole of the price has been paid and the seller retains the right to repossess the goods;

"insurer" means a person permitted, in accordance with section 2 of the Insurance Companies Act 1982(2), to effect and carry out contracts of insurance against risks of loss of or damage to goods;

"marine mortgage" means a mortgage which is registered in accordance with the Merchant Shipping (Registration, etc.) Act 1993(3) and by virtue of which a boat (but not any share thereof) is made a security for a loan;

"aircraft mortgage" means a mortgage which is registered in accordance with the Mortgaging of Aircraft Order 1972(4) and by virtue of which an aircraft is made security for a loan;

"the Act" means the Value Added Tax Act 1994;

"the Manx Act" means the Value Added Tax and other Taxes Act 1973(5);

"works of art" means the following goods-

• pictures, collages and similar decorative plaques, paintings and drawings, executed entirely by hand by the artist, other than plans and drawings for architectural, engineering, industrial, commercial, topographical or similar purposes, hand- decorated manufactured articles, theatrical scenery, studio back cloths or the like of painted canvas,

• original engravings, prints and lithographs, being impressions produced in limited numbers directly in black and white or in colour of one or of several plates executed entirely by hand by the artist irrespective of the process or of the material employed by him, but not including any mechanical or photomechanical process,

• original sculptures and statuary, in any material, provided that they are executed entirely by the artist; sculpture casts the production of which is limited to eight copies (or, in relation to statuary casts produced before 1st January 1989, such greater number of copies as the Commissioners of Customs and Excise may in any particular case allow) and supervised by the artist or his successors in title;

• tapestries and wall textiles made by hand from original designs provided by artists, provided that there are not more than eight copies of each,

• individual pieces of ceramics executed entirely by the artist and signed by him,

• enamels on copper, executed entirely by hand, limited to eight numbered copies bearing the signature of the artist or the studio, excluding articles of jewellery and goldsmiths' and silversmiths' wares,

• photographs taken by the artist, printed by him or under his supervision, signed and numbered and limited to 30 copies, all sizes and mounts included;

"antiques" means objects other than works of art or collectors' items, which are more than 100 years old;

"collectors' items" means the following goods-

• postage or revenue stamps, postmarks, first-day covers, pre-stamped stationery and the like, franked, or if unfranked not being of legal tender and not being for use as legal tender,

• collections and collectors' pieces of zoological, botanical, mineralogical, anatomical, historical, archaeological, palaeontological, ethnographic or numismatic interest;

"motor car" means any motor vehicle of a kind normally used on public roads which has three or more wheels and either-

but does not include-

"second-hand goods" means tangible movable property that is suitable for further use as it is or after repair, other than motor cars, works of art, collectors' items or antiques and other than precious metals and precious stones;

"printed matter" includes printed stationery but does not include anything produced by typing, duplicating or photo-copying;

"auctioneer" means a person who sells or offers for sale goods at any public sale where persons become purchasers by competition, being the highest bidders.

Revocations

3.-(1) The Value Added Tax (Horses and Ponies) Order 1983(7) is hereby revoked.

(2) The Value Added Tax (Special Provisions) Order 1992(8) is hereby revoked.

(3) The Value Added Tax (Special Provisions) (Amendment) Order 1995(9) is hereby revoked.

Treatment of transactions

4.-(1) Each of the following descriptions of transactions shall be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services-

(a)the disposal of any of the goods described in paragraph (3) below by a person who repossessed them under the terms of a finance agreement;

(b)the disposal of any of the goods described in paragraph (3) below by an insurer who has taken possession of them in settlement of a claim under a policy of insurance;

(c)the disposal of a boat by a mortgagee after he has taken possession thereof under the terms of a marine mortgage;

(d)the disposal of an aircraft by a mortgagee after he has taken possession thereof under the terms of an aircraft mortgage;

if, in each case, the goods so disposed of are in the same condition at the time of disposal as they were when they were repossessed or taken into possession, as the case may be, and if a supply of them in the United Kingdom by the person from whom in each case they were obtained would not have been chargeable with VAT, or would have been chargeable with VAT on less than the full value of such supply.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this article shall not apply to reimported goods which were previously exported from the United Kingdom or the Isle of Man free of VAT chargeable under the Act or VAT chargeable under Part I of the Manx Act by reason of the zero-rating provisions of either regulations made under either Act, or to imported goods which have not borne VAT chargeable under either of those Acts in the United Kingdom or the Isle of Man.

(3) The goods referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph (1) above are as follows:

(a)works of art, antiques and collectors' items;

(b)second-hand goods.

5.-(1) Subject to paragraph (2) below, there shall be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services the following supplies by a person of assets of his business-

(a)their supply to a person to whom he transfers his business as a going concern where-

(i)the assets are to be used by the transferee in carrying on the same kind of business, whether or not as part of any existing business, as that carried on by the transferor, and

(ii)in a case where the transferor is a taxable person, the transferee is already, or immediately becomes as a result of the transfer, a taxable person or a person defined as such in section 2(2) of the Manx Act;

(b)their supply to a person to whom he transfers part of his business as a going concern where-

(i)that part is capable of separate operation,

(ii)the assets are to be used by the transferee in carrying on the same kind of business, whether or not as part of any existing business, as that carried on by the transferor in relation to that part, and

(iii)in a case where the transferor is a taxable person, the transferee is already, or immediately becomes as a result of the transfer, a taxable person or a person defined as such in section 2(2) of the Manx Act.

(2) A supply of assets shall not be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services by virtue of paragraph (1) above to the extent that it consists of-

(a)a grant which would, but for an election which the transferor has made, fall within item 1 of Group 1 of Schedule 9 to the Act; or

(b)a grant of a fee simple which falls within paragraph (a) of item 1 of Group 1 of Schedule 9 to the Act,

unless the transferee has made an election in relation to the land concerned which has effect on the relevant date and has given any written notification of the election required by paragraph 3(6) of Schedule 10 to the Act(10), no later than the relevant date.

(3) In paragraph (2) of this article-

"election" means an election having effect under paragraph 2 of Schedule 10 to the Act;

"relevant date" means the date upon which the grant would have been treated as having been made or, if there is more than one such date, the earliest of them;

"transferor" and"transferee" include a relevant associate of either respectively as defined in paragraph 3(7) of Schedule 10 to the Act.

(4) There shall be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services the assignment by an owner of goods comprised in a hire-purchase or conditional sale agreement of his rights and interest thereunder, and the goods comprised therein, to a bank or other financial institution.

6. The following description of transaction shall be treated as a supply of services and not as a supply of goods-“ the exchange of a reconditioned article for an unserviceable article of a similar kind by a person who regularly offers in the course of his business to provide a reconditioning facility by that means.

7. The following description of transaction shall not be treated as the acquisition of goods from another member State-“ the removal of goods to the United Kingdom in pursuance of a supply to a taxable person, made by a person in another member State, where VAT on that supply is to be accounted for and paid in another member State by reference to the profit margin on the supply by virtue of the law of that member State corresponding to section 50A of the Act and any Orders made thereunder.

8. The following description of transaction shall be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services-“ the removal of goods to the United Kingdom in pursuance of a supply to a person, made by a person in another member State where VAT on that supply is to be accounted for and paid in another member State by reference to the profit margin on the supply by virtue of the law of that member State corresponding to section 50A of the Act and any Orders made thereunder.

9. The following description of transaction shall be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services-“ services in connection with a supply of goods provided by an agent acting in his own name to the purchaser of the goods the consideration for which is taken into account by virtue of article 12(6) below in calculating the price at which the agent obtained the goods.

10. The following description of transaction shall be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services-“ services in connection with the sale of goods provided by an auctioneer acting in his own name to the vendor or the purchaser of the goods the consideration for which is taken into account by virtue of article 12(7) below in calculating the price at which the auctioneer obtained (or as the case may be) sold the goods.

Self-supply

11.-(1) Where a person in the course or furtherance of any business carried on by him produces printed matter and the printed matter-

(a)is not supplied to another person or incorporated in other goods produced in the course or furtherance of that business; but

(b)is used by him for the purpose of a business carried on by him,

then, subject to paragraph (2) below, the printed matter shall be treated for the purposes of the Act as both supplied to him for the purpose of that business and supplied by him in the course or furtherance of that business.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this article does not applyif-

(a)the person is a fully taxable person;

(b)the value of the supplies falling to be treated asmade by and to that person would not, if those were the only supplies made or to be made bythat person, make him liable to be registered for VAT pursuant to the provisions of Schedule1 to the Act; or

(c)the Commissioners, being satisfied that the VAT (if any) which would be attributable to the supplies after allowing for any credit under sections 25 and 26 of the Act would be negligible, have given, and have not withdrawn, a direction that the paragraph is not to apply.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(a) above, a person is a fully taxable person if the only input tax of his to which he is not entitled to credit at the end of any prescribed accounting period or longer period is input tax which is excluded from any credit under section 25 of the Act by virtue of any Order made under sub-section (7) of that section.

(4) The preceding provisions of this article shall apply in relation to anybodies corporate which are treated for the purposes of section 43 of the Act as members of agroup as if those bodies were one person, but any printed matter which would fall to betreated as supplied to and by that person shall be treated as supplied to and by therepresentative member.

Relief for certain goods

12.-(1) Without prejudice to article 13 below and subject to complyingwith such conditions as the Commissioners may direct in a notice published by them for thepurposes of this Order or may otherwise direct and subject to paragraph (4) below, where aperson supplies goods of a description in paragraph (2) below, of which he took possessionin any of the circumstances set out in paragraph (3) below, he may opt to account for theVAT chargeable on the supply on the profit margin(11) on the supply instead of by reference to its value.

(2) The supplies referred to in paragraph (1) above are suppliesof-

(a)works of art, antiques and collectors'items;

(b)second-hand goods.

(3) The circumstances mentioned in paragraph (1) aboveare-

(a)that the taxable person took possessionof the goods pursuant to-

(i)a supply in respect of which noVAT was chargeable under the Act or under Part I of the Manx Act;

(ii)a supply on which VAT was chargeable on theprofit margin in accordance with paragraph (1) above or a corresponding provision madeunder the Manx Act or a corresponding provision of the law of another member State;

(iii)a transaction which was treated by virtue of anyOrder made under Section 5(3) of the Act or under the corresponding provisions of the ManxAct as being neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services; or

(iv)(if the goods are a work of art) a supply to thetaxable person by, or an acquisition from another member State by him from its creator or hissuccessor in title;

(b)(if the goods are a work of art, an antique or a collectors' item) that they were imported by the taxable person himself.

(4) A taxable person-

(a)may not opt under paragraph (1) above where-

(i)the supply is a letting on hire;

(ii)an invoice or similar document showing an amount as being VAT or as being attributable to VAT is issued in respect of the supply;

(iii)the supply is of an air gun unless the taxable person is registered for the purposes of the Firearms Act 1968(12); or

(iv)the supply is of goods which are being disposed of in the circumstances mentioned in article 4(1)(a)(b)(c) or (d) above but which is not disregarded by virtue of that article;

(b)may only exercise the option under paragraph (1) above in relation to supplies of-

(i)works of art of which he took possession in the circumstances mentioned in paragraph (3)(a)(iv) above, or

(ii)works of art, antiques or collectors' items of which he took possession in circumstances set out in paragraph (3)(b) above,

if at the same time he exercises the option in relation to the other.

(5) Subject to paragraph (6) below, for the purposes of determining the profit margin-

(a)the price at which goods were obtained shall be calculated as follows-

(i)(where the taxable person took possession of the goods pursuant to a supply) in the same way as the consideration for the supply would be calculated for the purposes of the Act;

(ii)(where the taxable person is a sole proprietor and the goods were supplied to him in his private capacity) in the same way as the consideration for the supply to him as a private individual would be calculated for the purposes of the Act;

(iii)(where the goods are a work of art which was acquired from another member State by the taxable person pursuant to a supply to him by the creator of the item or his successor in title) in the same way as the value of the acquisition would be calculated for the purposes of the Act plus the VAT chargeable on the acquisition;

(iv)(where the goods are a work of art, an antique or a collectors' item which the taxable person has imported himself) in the same way as the value of the goods for the purpose of charging VAT on their importation would be calculated for the purposes of the Act plus any VAT chargeable on their importation;

(b)the price at which goods are sold shall be calculated in the same way as the consideration for the supply would be calculated for the purposes of the Act.

(6) Subject to paragraph (7) below, where the taxable person is an agent acting in his own name the price at which the goods were obtained shall be calculated in accordance with paragraph (5)(a) above, but the selling price calculated in accordance with paragraph (5)(b) above shall be increased by the amount of any consideration payable to the taxable person in respect of services supplied by him to the purchaser in connection with the supply of the goods.

(7) Instead of calculating the price at which goods were obtained or supplied in accordance with paragraph (6) above an auctioneer acting in his own name may-

(a)calculate the price at which they were obtained by deducting from the successful bid the consideration for any services supplied by him to the vendor in connection with the sale of the goods;

(b)calculate the price at which they were supplied by adding to the successful bid the consideration for any supply of services by him to the purchaser in connection with the sale of the goods,

in either (or both) cases excluding the consideration for supplies of services that are not chargeable to VAT.

(8) Where a taxable person opts under paragraph (1) above in respect of goods of which he took possession in the circumstances set out in paragraph 3(a)(iv) and (b) above, the exercise of the option shall-

(a)be notified by him to the Commissioners in writing;

(b)have effect from the date of that notification or such later date as may be specified therein;

(c)subject to paragraph (9) below, apply to all supplies of such goods made by the taxable person in the period ending 2 years after the date on which it first had effect or the date on which written notification of its revocation is given to the Commissioners, whichever is the later.

(9) Notwithstanding paragraph (8)(c) above a taxable person may elect to account for VAT chargeable on any particular supply of such goods by reference to the value of that supply.

Global Accounting

13.-(1) Subject to complying with such conditions as the Commissioners may direct in a notice published by them for the purposes of this Order or may otherwise direct, and subject to paragraph (2) below, a taxable person who has opted under article 12(1) above may account for VAT on the total profit margin on goods supplied by him during a prescribed accounting period, calculated in accordance with paragraph (3) below, instead of the profit margin on each supply.

(2) Paragraph (1) above does not apply to supplies of-

(a)motor vehicles;

(b)aircraft;

(c)boats and outboard motors;

(d)caravans and motor caravans;

(e)horses and ponies;

(f)any other individual items whose value calculated in accordance with article 12(5)(a) above, exceeds £500.

(3) The total profit margin for a prescribed accounting period shall be the amount (if any) by which the total selling price calculated in accordance with paragraph (5) below, exceeds the total purchase price calculated in accordance with paragraph (4) below.

(4) For the purposes of paragraph (3) above the total selling price shall be calculated by aggregating for all goods sold during the period the prices (calculated in accordance with article 12(5) or (6) above as appropriate) for which they were sold.

(5) For the purposes of paragraph (3) above the total purchase price shall be calculated by aggregating for all goods obtained during the period the prices (calculated in accordance with article 12(5) above) at which they were obtained and adding to that total the amount (if any) carried forward from the previous period in accordance with paragraph (6) below;

(6) If in any prescribed accounting period the total purchase price calculated in accordance with paragraph (5) above exceeds the total selling price, the excess amount shall be carried forward to the following prescribed accounting period for inclusion in the calculation of the total purchase price for that period.

Explanatory Note

(This note is not part of the Order)

Under the directive of the Council of the European Communities dated 17th May 1977, No. 77/388/EEC (OJ No. L 145, 13.7.77, p. 1) as amended by the directive of that Council dated 14th February 1994, No. 94/5/EC (OJ No. L60, 3.3.94, p. 16) effective from 1st January 1995, member States are required to provide, for certain goods, a scheme of accounting on which VAT is calculated by reference to the profit margin (the margin scheme). The directives enable the United Kingdom to allow taxable persons to continue to calculate VAT by reference to the profit margin on certain goods and also to extend this facility to other goods, all of which become subject to conditions contained in the directives. One of these conditions is that goods supplied under the margin scheme are always taxable in the member State of origin and thus the normal VAT rules for intra-EC transactions do not apply.

This Order revokes and re-anacts, with amendments, the provisions of the Value Added Tax (Horses and Ponies) Order 1983 (No. 1088), the Value Added Tax (Special Provisions) Order 1992 (No. 3129) (the 1992 Order) and the Value Added Tax (Special Provisions) (Amendment) Order 1995 (No. 957).

Article 2 re-enacts, with amendments, article 2 of the 1992 order and defines the wider range of goods made eligible for the margin scheme by virtue of the above directives.

Article 4 re-enacts, with amendments, article 4 of the 1992 order. It extends the range of goods (which will have borne VAT on an earlier transaction) the disposal of which by mortgagees, finance houses and insurers are excluded from the scope of the tax.

Article 5 re-enacts article 5 of the 1992 order. It excludes from the scope of VAT, in certain circumstances, the transfer of assets of a business, on the transfer as a going concern of the business, or of a part of the business which is capable of separate operation.

Article 6 re-enacts article 6 of the 1992 order. It treats certain exchanges of re-conditioned articles for similar unserviceable articles as a supply of services, and not a supply of goods.

Article 7 is a new provision which excludes from the scope of the tax acquisitions from another member State of goods removed to the United Kingdom in pursuance of a supply to a taxable person made by a person in another member State where VAT on that supply is to be accounted for and paid in that other member State on the profit margin in accordance with the above directives.

Article 8 is a new provision which excludes from the scope of the tax the removal of goods to the United Kingdom in the circumstances described in article 7 by providing that such a removal is to be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services.

Article 9 is a new provision which excludes from the scope of the tax services in connection with a supply of goods provided by an agent acting in his own name to the purchaser where the consideration for those services is taken into account in calculating the profit margin on the supply of the goods.

Article 10 is a new provision which excludes from the scope of the tax services in connection with a sale of goods provided by an auctioneer acting in his own name to the purchaser or the vendor where the consideration for those services is taken into account in calculating the profit margin on the sale of the goods.

Article 11 re-enacts article 7 of the 1992 order. Its effect is that, in certain circumstances, where a person who is not a fully taxable person produces printed matter for use in his business (otherwise than by way of supplying them or incorporating them in other goods), the printed matter is to be treated as both supplied to him and by him.

Article 12 re-enacts, with amendments, article 8 of the 1992 order. It allows taxable persons to opt to use the margin scheme in the circumstances and for the range of goods provided for in the above directives. It sets out how the profit margin on margin scheme supplies is to be calculated and provides variations from the normal rules for agents, and auctioneers in particular, who act in their own names. It also sets out how the option to use the scheme is to be exercised.

Article 13 enables taxable persons who have opted to use the scheme under article 12 to choose a simplified system of accounting for certain goods, whereby VAT is calculated on the profit margin between the total purchase price and total selling price (terms defined in the article) in each accounting period.