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You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> United Kingdom House of Lords Decisions >> Clephane, et al. (Paupers) v. Lord Provost, etc., of Edinburgh [1869] UKHL 2_Paterson_1657 (26 February 1869)
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Cite as: [1869] UKHL 2_Paterson_1657
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SCOTTISH_HoL
Page: 1657↓
(1869) 2 Paterson 1657
REPORTS OF SCOTCH APPEALS IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS.
No. 85
v.
Subject_Charitable Foundation — Sale of Hospital — Rebuilding a House for Inmates —
An hospital and church, belonging to an ancient charity, having been compulsorily sold to a railway company, and the proceeds of the purchase being paid, a scheme was considered for rebuilding the hospital.
Held (affirming judgment), That it was discretionary in the Court to apply the proceeds towards the benefit of the pensioners without rebuilding the hospital; and that the original charters and deeds under which the charity was established did not necessarily imply, that a building for the pensioners to live in was essential. 1
The appellants were members, beneficiaries, or pensioners entitled to and enjoying the benefits of the Trinity Hospital of Edinburgh, suing in formâ pauperis. In a former appeal the House of Lords, ante, p. 1217: 4 Macq. Ap. 603; 36 Sc. Jur. 325, made a decree, by which it was declared, that it was fit and proper, that so much of the money received by the respondents from the North British Railway Company as would be “sufficient for the purpose, but not exceeding £7000, should be applied in the purchase of a site, and in building a church, which, after reserving full accommodation for all the inmates of the hospital in the said proceedings mentioned, and the persons connected therewith, will afford to the inhabitants of the district in the said proceedings mentioned, as much accommodation as was afforded by the collegiate church in the said proceedings mentioned, which has been removed.” And it was declared, that the duty of building the church belonged to the respondents, as trustees of the charity, and that “such new church will be the property of the said charity, subject to its being used, and, if so used, to its being kept in repair and maintained in like manner as the said old church was before its removal by the said railway company.” And it was ordered “that all the residue of the money received from the said railway company, and all interest thereon, and all the rest of the property of the said hospital, is applicable to the enlargement and maintenance of the said charity, as declared and established by the charters, dated respectively the 12th of November 1567 and the 26th of May 1587, in the said proceedings mentioned, according to a scheme to be settled for that purpose, including therein the rebuilding of the hospital, if the same shall be deemed necessary.”
On the cause being remitted to the Court of Session, minutes of and objections to a scheme were lodged and considered, and the First Division made an interlocutor, dated 11th December 1866, containing,
inter alia, the following findings:—“Further, find that the funds so to be employed by the said defenders shall consist of £7000 of the sum of £17,671, 9
s. 6
d., which they received from the said railway company, as the price of the said former church, with
_________________ Footnote _________________
1 See previous report,
22 D. 1222;
5 Macph. 115:
36 Sc. Jur. 325;
39 Sc. Jur. 65.
S. C. L.R. 1 Sc. Ap. 417;
7 Macph. H. L. 7:
40 Sc. Jur. 306.
Page: 1658↓
The pursuers appealed against the above interlocutor.
Anderson Q.C. and Wotherspoon, for the appellants.—The Court below had no power, and this House could give that Court no power, to dispense with the building of an hospital in which the inmates were to live, as such a building was an essential part of the existing charity—Bankt. ii. 8, 25; Ramsay v. College of St. Andrews, 4 D. 1366; Mags, of Edinburgh v. Professors of University of Edinburgh, 13 D. 1187; Attorney General v. Earl of Mansfield, 2 Russ. 501; Attorney General v. Sherborne Grammar School, 18 Beav. 280; Lewin on Trusts, 398 (5th ed.). As to the objection founded on usage, usage is only admissible in the case of an ambiguous trust, but where, as in this case, the documents constituting the trust are clear, and obviously contemplated a building for the inmates to reside in, no length of contrary usage can be allowed to interfere with the will of the testator— Attorney General v. Gould, 28 Beav. 501; Attorney General v. Corporation of Rochester, 5 De G. M. & G. 797. Moreover, the judgment of the Court below was erroneous in assigning not only £7000 to the building of the new church, but also the interest on that sum, which interest is larger than the principal. The judgment of the House did not warrant such a construction as that which has been put upon it as to this item. If an hospital is not to be built, then no church ought to be built.
Sir R. Palmer Q.C., and Mellish Q.C., for the respondents, were not called upon.
Now, the order of your Lordships being this, that a sum not exceeding £7000 should be appropriated to the erection of a church on the site of that which has been removed; and your Lordships having plainly declared what the exact position of the parties was with reference to the property which had been taken, by saying that the church, when so erected at the expense of £7000, should be appropriated for the benefit of those who were receiving the advantages of the charity; and, that “subject to that it should also be appropriated for the benefit of those who, for many years previous to this litigation arising, had had the use of the church as residents in Edinburgh,” and that, after erecting the church, at an expense not exceeding £7000, which would be sufficient for the purpose indicated, the residue should be appropriated for the benefit of the charity, the House proceeded to direct inquiries, and the order involved, amongst other things, this direction, that “all the residue of the money received from the said railway company, and all interest thereon, and all the rest of the property of the said hospital, is applicable to the enlargement and maintenance of the charity, as declared and established by the charters dated respectively the 12th of November 1567, and the 26th of May 1587, in the proceedings mentioned, according to a scheme to be settled for that purpose, including therein the rebuilding of the hospital, if the same shall be deemed necessary.”
Now, I should have thought that it was plain and intelligible to every mind to which the words which I have read should be presented, and, therefore, to the appellants, that it was intended that a proper scheme and arrangement should be submitted to the Court in Scotland for the administration of the funds, and that such proper scheme, if it should be deemed necessary, but
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There one perhaps might stop, for really the whole case seems to turn upon that single point. But I think that it is due to your Lordships' House to say, that it does not appear to me, that any error existed in the conclusion which was so come to. For what, after all, is the true object, purport, and intent of this charter with which we have to deal? The charter contains the following recital: “Know ye us and our dearest cousin, James Earl of Murray, Regent of our kingdoms, moved by fervent and zealous purpose to support and assist the poverty, penuary, and want of money, and diverse aged and impotent persons who, in their old age, have lost their means and estates by and through the events of adverse fortune, so that they may not perish and die through extreme hunger, penuary, and want of necessary sustenance, and therefore moved by piety and good conscience to afford them such help and assistance as their want and need requires: as also understanding that this purpose cannot be properly carried into effect without our supplement and authority.” That indicates the motive on the part of the Crown. The motive there is simply sustaining the poverty, penury, and want of those persons who are so afflicted in order “that they might not perish and die through extreme hunger, penuary, and want of necessary sustenance.” And then, as regards Sir Simon Preston, to whom the grant is made by the Crown, it proceeds to state what his object was—viz. “that Sir Simon Preston has the intention and deliberate firm and set purpose to build, found, and with all care and diligence endow an hospital with reasonable support, for such foresaid honest, poor, and impotent persons, aged and sick indwellers and inhabitants within our burgh of Edinburgh, and also for such other old, impotent, and indigent people as shall be found fit objects for receiving such benefits and charity in the said hospital so to be founded.” Then it proceeds to say, that, in order to set the example to the subjects of good works, the Crown grants this property which is vacant in its hands “and at our gift and disposal, as shall be most fit and convenient for building, erecting, repairing, and performing the said hospital, with houses, biggings, and yards thereof, where there seems to be the greatest concourse and passage of people, as well stranger as townsmen, by whose daily alms the said hospital may be benefited.” Then the Crown proceeds to grant the church, called the Collegiate Church of the Trinity, with all the buildings belonging to it; and the grant is expressed to be “for the building and construction of the said hospital, houses, yards, and policies thereof, for the maintenance of the poor and sick, to be placed by them therein only and for no other use.”
Now I apprehend, that the real scope and scheme of the whole of that charter was this, that the primary and leading object, first of the Crown and then of Sir Simon Preston, was the relief of the poor and distressed, and provided for the necessities of the aged, and impotent, and infirm; and that finding a place where he could conveniently erect a building for that object, he obtained from the Crown a grant to enable him to carry that primary object into effect, by the erection of a suitable building or hospital. It is not what is ordinarily found in foundations of hospitals as such. It is not a scheme by which anything in the shape of a permanent building and a permanent staff thereto attached, or the constant continuance of the building for the purpose here described, is suggested. Nothing of that kind appears in the grant. There is no provision for a governor, or a master, or matron, or nurses, or chaplain. There is not one of those provisions, and the grant does not seem to indicate any more than what I have described, viz. that the mind of the Crown is set, and that the mind of Sir Simon Preston is set, upon doing all that can be done for persons in this infirm and unhappy condition. And that which appears to have presented itself to the mind both of the Crown and of Sir Simon Preston was this: Here is a place which will assist us in carrying this work into effect. Here we can erect a building, and here can place the poor, the sick, and infirm.
Now what happened was this: Time after time the building was in a bad state of repair, and at one time it appears to have become almost ruinous. At one time there seems to have been a charter granted which stated, that the building might be taken down and disposed of by the Corporation in such a manner as was thought most useful, and they thought it most useful to rebuild it. I refer to that passage, which is to be found in the condescendence of the appellants,
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Now that being so, what do we find, in point of practice, has occurred? We find, that for more than eighty years the course has been (and it appears to me not inconsistent with the objects either of the founders or of the Crown) to afford relief to the distressed objects mentioned in the grant outside the walls of the building. It seems to have been thought, that the existence of a substantial edifice formed no necessary part whatever of the object of the founder. Since the year 1846 or 1847, when the hospital was taken down by the Railway Company, the charity has continued to be wholly administered in that manner. The sick, the aged, and the poor, have been relieved in a different manner from that prescribed by the charter. And so your Lordships appear to have thought it might possibly be administered hereafter; that the House was not inflexibly bound by the charter to administer it through the medium of residence within the four walls of the building, and that it was right and reasonable, that a judgment should be exercised by competent authority upon that subject, and that it was open to such authority to exercise a judgment upon it. That conclusion having been come to, your Lordships' House left it to the adjudication of those to whom the whole scheme was to be submitted. And I apprehend, that that being so, no rule of law was transgressed. And I am happy to think, that the case was such because there had never been in our judgment anything in that decision which militated against any previous rule of law. It would undoubtedly not be competent to us at the present moment, without having that case reheard, (if such a thing was possible,) to reverse that decision.
The only remaining question to which I need advert is this. It is said, if it be not necessary to erect the hospital, why erect the church? There again we are undoubtedly precluded by the order of the House, pronounced on the former occasion. But even if it were not so precluded, I do not at all admit the justice of the argument. Many of these persons who are relieved by means of this charity may be residing in the neighbourhood. There is no reason why it should not be so, and the probability is, that many of them would have their residence in the neighbourhood of this church, and many of them, therefore, would be partakers of the benefit which the decree of this House was intended to secure to them.
The only remaining point which occurred in the argument was the point with reference to the objections which were taken to the “states” brought in before the Court of Session. It appears to me, I confess, that there is nothing whatever of which the appellants are entitled to complain in that respect. The only important item which they might have some ground hereafter for disputing (if the parties have not the good sense, which I trust they will have, to arrange all these matters in the manner in which charities above all things should be arranged) is under the 12th objection, which was raised with reference to certain expenditure incurred on account of plans and surveys, and other matters of that description in connexion with the church. That is expressly reserved by the interlocutor complained of. We have therefore nothing to do with that part of the case. And with regard to the other objections, I see nothing of substance in them. The only alteration which appears to me necessary to be made, is with regard to what has already been suggested by one of your Lordships, namely, the omission of the interest which has occurred in the £7000 as being the sum properly applied to the erection of a church, because it is quite clear, that by the order made upon the former occasion £7000 was appointed as the maximum. There was no question of the interest which might arise upon the £7000, but whenever the church is built, no more than £7000 is to be expended upon it, and it may be, that not so much is necessary, at all events no more can be expended. I would therefore upon that point propose to your Lordships, after the words £7000 in the second finding to add the words “if so much be required.”
Then with regard to costs, in substance the appellants entirely fail in the present appeal, and the costs must follow. The appellants sue as paupers, and of course, as far as they are concerned, they will pay no costs. The House will not make any order with reference to the payment of costs by them. But it appears to me, that with your Lordships' sanction no costs ought to be allowed to them in this appeal. With regard to the respondents, I confess, that after what we have heard, and especially after what has last fallen from Mr. Anderson, viz. that although there was a suggestion, that the question of interest should be waived in order that fewer points might arise for argument, it was distinctly stated, that it would make no difference whatever in the appeal being prosecuted, it seems to me, that the respondents are entitled to have their costs out of the charity. Therefore what I should propose to your Lordships would be to affirm the decree with the variations which I have suggested; to grant no costs to the appellants, and to direct that the costs of the respondents should be paid out of the charity estate.
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Now the primary object of the charter of James VI. in 1567, as my noble and learned friend on the woolsack has pointed out, was the help and assistance of aged and impotent persons. There was no recital in the charter, that for those persons it was necessary to build and endow an hospital, but all that is said is, “Understanding that this purpose cannot be properly carried into effect without our supplement and authority,” and then it goes on to recite, that “Sir Simon Preston has expressed his intention to build, found, and endow an hospital with reasonable support for such foresaid and honest poor and impotent persons.” Then there is a grant to the Magistrates of Edinburgh for the building and construction of the hospital, “for the maintenance of the poor and sick to be placed by them therein only, and for no other use,” with a proviso, that they shall be bound to apply “the places and others foresaid to the foresaid use, and no other.” Now I understand by that merely this, that as long as the building remains it shall be used for the purpose of an hospital, and for no other use or purpose, and not that there shall always be a building to be applied to the purposes of the charter. That it was not necessary that a building should always exist for this purpose, appears to me to be clear upon the words of the charter of 26th May 1587, which authorized the Magistrates to apply the old hospital buildings which had become ruinous to whatever profitable use might seem expedient. And there is no direction whatever, that if the ruinous building is taken down, another shall be erected in its place.
Now, if the effect of the charter was, that the Magistrates should always maintain an hospital for the reception of poor persons, there certainly was great difficulty in justifying the former order of this House, leaving the question of the re-erection of an hospital to depend upon whether it should be deemed necessary. But no necessity for the continuance of a building as an hospital for ever can be deduced from the charters. This seems to me to be conceded by the appellants themselves; for in the condescendence, viz. Cond. 25, they say, “In consequence of the building of the hospital having been removed by the railway company, and of no new hospital buildings having been yet erected, there are no inmates or poor persons supported or maintained in any one building or hospital at present; but instead, pensions in weekly, monthly, or termly payments are granted to the pursuers and to a great many other poor persons. In the event of a new hospital being erected, the pursuers or some of them would be entitled to be received as inmates thereof.” They therefore state it as a contingency whether a new hospital will be erected or not. If the erection of a new hospital had been absolutely necessary, their words would have been, “When a new hospital is erected, the pursuers or some of them will be entitled to be received as inmates thereof.”
This being so, the order of the House upon the former occasion was perfectly correct. It was justified by the provisions of the charter, and it is in itself conclusive of this question; because, after providing £7000 for the church, it is declared “that all of the residue of the money received from the said railway company, and all interest thereon, and all the rest of the property of the said hospital is applicable to the enlargement and maintenance of the said charity as declared and established by the charters dated respectively 12th November 1567 and 26th May 1587, in the said proceedings mentioned, according to a scheme to be settled for that purpose, including therein the rebuilding of the hospital if the same shall be deemed necessary. And it is further ordered, that it be referred to the Court of Session to settle and approve of such scheme accordingly.”
The Court of Session, by their interlocutor, applied that judgment; and they directed, amongst other things, that a statement of the moneys which belonged to the property of which the hospital consisted should be made; and also that, within four weeks, the parties should lodge a scheme shewing the proposed application “of the said properties and funds.” In pursuance of that interlocutor, a scheme was accordingly proposed by the trustees of the hospital, and submitted to the Court of Session, and in that scheme there is the following statement:—“The trustees beg to state, that in their opinion it is unnecessary and inexpedient, that a new hospital should be built. It appears to them, that the funds under their management would be more beneficially applied by continuing the outdoor system of relief.” Upon this the Court of Session pronounced their interlocutor, finding, “that it is not necessary or expedient, that the defenders should rebuild the hospital which belonged to the said charity, and which has been also removed by the said railway company.” And against this interlocutor this appeal is made.
I think that I have shewn your Lordships sufficiently, that the order that was made by the House upon the previous occasion was well founded, and that there is no objection to it with reference to any restrictive words in that charter. I therefore entirely agree with my noble and learned friend upon the woolsack, that this interlocutor must be affirmed. I also agree
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Now, in both Courts this principle has prevailed, namely, that there shall be a very enlarged administration of charitable trusts. You look to the charity which is intended to be created, that is to say, the benefit of the beneficiary, and you distinguish between the charity and means which are directed to the attainment of that charity. Now the means of necessity vary from age to age. Take a charity consisting, as it does here, of the relief of the poor. The condition of the country or the condition of the town at the time when that charity was created may have dictated what at that time were very convenient means for the application of the particular charity. In the progress of society, and with the greater diffusion of wealth and growth of population, the means originally indicated may become inadequate to the end, and the Courts of Equity have always exercised the power of varying the means of carrying out the charity from time to time according as by that variation they can secure more effectually the great object of the charity, namely, the benefit of the beneficiary.
Now, it is perfectly true, that you cannot substitute one charity for another; you may substitute for a particular charity which has been defined, and which has failed, another charity ejusdem generis, or which approaches it in its nature and character, but it is quite true, that you cannot take a charity which was intended for one purpose and apply it altogether to a different purpose. Some instances occur in our English reports upon the subject, but on an examination it will be found that what was done in those cases was not done under the ordinary authority of the Court of Equity, but that it was done in cases where the charity described failed by reason of its illegality, and where it fell to the Crown to declare what should be the form of administration to be adopted. I mention this because our attention has been directed to the language which was used by Lord Eldon in the case of the Attorney General v. Mansfield. That language was never intended at all to alter the law upon this subject, namely, that the means for the attainment of the end may be altered from time to time. Neither was that language intended to interfere with the settled doctrine of what is called cy près application in a Court of Equity. But it was intended only to apply to such a case as this. Supposing that an attempt is made to take a charity given for the relief of the poor in a particular district, and to employ the money so dedicated for the purpose of building a bridge, or making a road, or draining a town—those objects being quite diversi generis from the objects for which the charity was given,—probably those objects would not come within the powers of a Court of Equity. But the power of a Court of Equity to alter the means so as to adapt them to the end is undoubtedly not limited.
Now, what is the case which we have to consider here? The benevolence of Sir Simon Preston, and of the Court acting at his instance, was moved on account of the condition of the poor of Edinburgh, and as one means of benefiting the condition of the poor he was able to erect, and had land granted to him upon which he might erect dwellings for the poor; for, although you call it an “hospital,” yet the word “hospital” is to be considered with reference to that which is here described, and you must not derive from the word “hospital” the idea which is frequently attached to it at the present day, namely, a particular building with a certain staff of officers, and with directions to receive annuitants therein, and to allow them certain sums of money, and to keep up a number of officers, a chaplain, and a superintendent, and so on, who are directed to be maintained in an hospital. That is an hospital consisting of a certain number of recipients of charity, whose interest in the charity is defined, and the hospital is to be for them a place of permanent dwelling. But in the direction here given for the establishment of an hospital, there is nothing more, so far as the charters go, than as it were the erection of an ordinary poorhouse where the poor and the sick may be received and lodged and maintained so long as may be necessary, and the whole seems to be left entirely to the arbitrium and discretion of the superintending authority by the founder of the charity.
Now these buildings, such as they were, have been swept away by the authority of the law by a railway company, and there is substituted for the buildings a large sum of money. Where is the necessity, that that sum of money constituting the property of the charity should be dedicated to the use and service of the poor in the same manner as that in which, at the time of the foundation of the charity, it was considered that the end of relieving the poor might be best
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I therefore think, that these considerations would justify to the mind, not only of every lawyer, but I should hope of every wise man who was really intent upon works of benevolence, the sort of order which was made by this House. The House undoubtedly saw no legal obligation for the erection of a building, or for the maintenance of a building, and it therefore only regarded the building as something suggested at that time with a view to an end. Whether there should be another building or not was left to the discretion of those who were armed with the power of administering this charity, and it was accordingly settled deliberately by this House, that if they deemed a new hospital necessary, a new hospital should be built, but that if they deemed the building of a new hospital unnecessary for the benefit of the poor, then there was no obligation to erect such a building.
Now the appellants have neither here nor in the Court of Session presented any considerations or any peculiar circumstances, or any facts upon which the Court of Session would have been warranted in coming to the conclusion, that it was necessary to build an hospital. What then have we here? We have an administration which has been exclusively directed to outdoor relief for the last twenty-one years, and an administration which has consisted, as to the greater portion of the funds, in outdoor relief since 1785. Then what is there to justify our departing from all that has been done, altering the course which we find to have existed, and directing so much of the funds of this charity to be laid out in what would probably be found to be a wasteful and useless form of application?
If these things had been considered, as I think they ought to have been considered below, I think we should not have observed the strange spectacle of an appeal brought here in the hopeless attempt to alter the order of the House, and I think that we might have been spared observations which were directed to shew, that the order of the House was inconsistent with law and with justice. I have dwelt so much upon this point, not because I felt that the orders of your Lordships' House required to be remedied, but only to repeat the considerations which were present to the minds of my noble and learned friends who with me heard the former appeal, and to my own mind, when that order was pronounced.
There is nothing else I think which remains to be said except with regard to the variation which is proposed to be made in the interlocutor appealed from. It is quite true, that words have crept into the interlocutor which have proceeded upon a misunderstanding of a portion of your Lordships' order. It is unnecessary to shew how clear the language of that order was, and that it ought not to have been misunderstood, because the respondents very handsomely say, that it was a misunderstanding of the order, and they desire to have deleted from the order so much of the language as contains that misunderstanding. It thus becomes requisite to add to the words “£7000,” in the passage which has been referred to, the words “if so much be required,” and then to delete the words which follow in italics.
With respect to the rest of the appeal, the indignation and complaint against the charges relating to plans are answered at once by this, that there is an inquiry which is not yet exhausted. There will probably be very important questions arising upon that portion of the objections, but we of course do not deal with matters which are reserved by the Court of Session for further consideration.
I entirely concur with my noble and learned friend on the woolsack as to the manner in which he proposes to your Lordships to dispose of the costs. If, indeed, this appeal had been directed only to the erroneous part of the interlocutor, then I should have required the respondents to shew, that they had been willing to abandon that erroneous part. But then they were told, that whether they did it or not, the appeal would go forward. I think that the respondents acted with great propriety in telling the appellants, We do not mean to maintain that part of the order, and if you, indeed, bring it forward before the House, it is more becoming that it should be expunged by the authority of the House, than that we should make any application to the Court of Session to alter the judgment which has been pronounced.
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I therefore think, that the respondents are entitled to their costs. But I hope and trust, that this is the last we shall hear of this matter, and I rejoice the more, that we can with perfect justice refuse to the appellants their costs, because I think, that it will be one of the most effective and most salutary modes of preventing further litigation. Let that be remembered, because without it I feel certain, that if hereafter there were a peg upon which an appeal could be hung, we should have that appeal brought here. Probably this matter will not be any longer a subject of litigation in this House when the parties find, that they cannot look with anything like confidence to the costs coming out of the fund.
But there is another point in this case, as to the sum which was intended to be applied to the building of a church. I have no doubt now, after hearing what your Lordships who took part in the proceedings in 1864 have said, that the Court below have misread the judgment or deliverance of the House upon that matter. They have interpreted it in a sense in which it was not intended to be interpreted, and therefore the alteration which has been suggested in the judgment of the Court below must be made, and the amount of money to be applied to the erection of a church must be limited to the sum of £7000. I hope, however, with regard to that matter, there will be no further delay in carrying out the direction of the House or of the Court below. As long as that matter is delayed, that sum, whatever it may be, which ought long ago to have been applied to the erection of a church, is lying accumulating for the benefit, as it is said, of the charity, but to the detriment of those who are to have the benefit of the church. I hope, therefore, that no impediment will be interposed to the application of that fund to the purpose to which it has been directed to be applied.
As to the notion, that, if there is to be no building of an hospital there is to be no church, I think that I must regard that as more ingenious than sound. I cannot go along with the notion, that no parties are to have benefit from the church accommodation except the parties who reside within the buildings of the hospital, and those parties residing in the neighbourhood of the church who are recipients of the fund. I think, under the interpretation which has been put upon the charters, the recipients of this charity are the parties who are primarily entitled to the benefit of accommodation in that church, and that when the judgment of the Court below used the expression “beneficiaries” it used it properly, seeing, that in the view which that Court took, and in the view which this House has taken, there were to be no inmates. It did not follow from that, that the beneficiaries of the charity are to be deprived of church accommodation. They are entitled to have it, and then further accommodation is to be given to the parties residing in the neighbourhood.
As to the matter of costs, I entirely concur in what has been suggested by my noble and learned friend.
The Lord Chancellor put the question as follows:—That the interlocutor complained of be affirmed with the following variations, that is to say, by inserting in the second finding the words “if so much be required” after “£7000,” where they first occur in that finding, and by omitting in the same finding all the words, that follow the word “church.” And that the appellants neither receive nor pay costs of this appeal. And that the costs of the respondent be retained by them out of the charity estate.
Solicitors: Appellants' Agents, Wotherspoon and Mack, S.S.C.; Simson and Wakeford, Westminster.— Respondents' Agents, Millar, Allardice, and Robson, W.S.; John Graham, Westminster.