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United Kingdom House of Lords Decisions
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> United Kingdom House of Lords Decisions >> The Hon. Archibald Frazer v. His Majesty's Advocate, on behalf of the Public; and Simon Frazer, Esq., and Others, as trustees of the estates of the late Major General Frazer [1795] UKHL 3_Paton_425 (23 November 1795)
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Cite as: [1795] UKHL 3_Paton_425
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SCOTTISH_HoL_JURY_COURT
Page: 425↓
(1795) 3 Paton 425
CASES DECIDED IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS, UPON APPEAL FROM THE COURTS OF SCOTLAND.
No. 79
v.
House of Lords,
Subject_Entail — Fee or Liferent — Competency of Appeal. —
Circumstances in which, by the terms of a destination in an entail, with certain powers reserved, that the entailer still held the fee simple of the estate, and on his attainder was forfeited to the crown. An appeal having been brought against this judgment of the Court of Session, and having been afterwards withdrawn, and the judgment affirmed, a second appeal of the same judgment was brought, more than thirty years thereafter. Held, that this appeal was incompetent, both under the vesting act, and also under the orders of the House of Lords, of 25th March 1725, making appeals incompetent after the lapse of five years.
Simon Lord Lovat was attainted for high treason, and his estates forfeited to the crown in 1747.
He had three sons, Simon, afterwards General Frazer, Alexander and Archibald, the appellant. His eldest son Simon was also attainted. Alexander afterwards died. But Simon Frazer, the son, having many years thereafter, on the outbreak of the war in America, formed the plan of raising from among his clan a regiment of Highlanders for the service of the government, he went to Canada, and performed such important services for the government, as soon to raise him to the rank of General.
1741.
His father, the attainted Lord, previous to his forfeiture, had executed a deed of entail, whereby he disponed his estates to his eldest son, Simon, stiled Master of Lovat, and the heirs male of his body; whom failing, to Alexander Frazer, his second son, and the heirs male of his body; whom failing, to Archibald Frazer (the appellant), his third son, and the heirs male of his body, &c. He reserved to himself “full power and liberty of administration and intromission over the whole estate during my life, and to contract debt, and grant security therefor, real and personal, and to grant feu rights and wadset rights of the same,
Page: 426↓
In 1749 the appellant's eldest brother, being then attainted, and Alexander dead, the appellant lodged a claim, which was entered in the Court of Session, praying, “That the liferent, and other powers reserved to the said Simon, Lord Frazer, did determine and expire by his death; and that their Lordships would find that no greater estate than an estate for the life of the said Simon Frazer, Esq., elder brother of the claimant, was vested in his Majesty by the attainder of the said Simon Frazer.”
Nov. 21, 1750.
After hearing counsel argue the case, the Court, of this date, pronounced this interlocutor:—
“The Lords having considered the claim given in for Alexander (since dead) and Archibald Frazers, to the estate of Lovat, with the answers for his Majesty's Advocate on behalf of the crown, they find the real feudal right to the estate being in the person of Simon Lord Lovat, and the vassal to the crown therein at the time of his treason and attainder, and notwithstanding of the personal right made to Simon Frazer, the son, full powers were reserved to Simon the father to charge the estate with debt at pleasure, to alienate the same by granting feu rights and wadsets of the whole, or part thereof, as he thought fit, and to uplift the rents, and to apply the same to what uses he thought proper, during his life, without being accountable; that the infeftment of property did remain in him for all these ends and purposes; and that the real and substantial estate of fee and inheritance, did continue and subsist in the said Simon Lord Lovat, therefore was forfeited for his treason, and is by his attainder forfeited accordingly, and therefore dismisses the claim.”
Nov. 26, 1751.
From this judgment an appeal was taken to the House of Lords, but the parties having petitioned the House to withdraw it, the appeal was dismissed.
General Simon Frazer having returned to this country from America, stood so high in the favour of the government, that, on presenting his petition, claiming the estates of Lovat, his Majesty was pleased to grant the same, as freely and fully as they had been vested in the late Lord Lovat, previous to his attainder.
Page: 427↓
It was stated by the appellant, that by the above entail, General Frazer's interest could only extend to a liferent. But the General contended that the full fee of the estate had been vested in him by the conception of the entail.
General Frazer conveyed the estates in trust to the respondents, his trustees, for certain purposes, and having died without altering the said conveyance, the respondents, since his death, have been in possession, executing the trusts committed to them.
The appellant in 1784, thought proper again to appeal from the said decree of the Court of Session, of 21st Nov. 1750.
Pleaded for the Appellant.— The trustees of General Frazer can have no right but in consequence of the act of parliament, vesting the estate of Lovat in General Frazer, and as that act expressly saves the right that was in the appellant, the right of the trustees cannot overrule that act. 2. If the objection to the competency of this appeal be well founded, it is jus tertii to General Frazer's trustees to state it. They are third parties, who have no right or interest in the decree, or in the appeal from it; the objection was only competent to his Majesty's Advocate, as he was the only party to the suit in the Court of Session, and it was the crown only that was interested in the finality of the judgment, after a certain limited time. But even supposing that there were some grounds for the objection, it ought not to bar the present appeal. The appellant, at the time of the former appeal, was a minor. He was, besides, non valens agere cum effectu. He knew nothing of the former appeal, and therefore ought to be restored thereagainst.
Pleaded for the Respondents.— The decree of the Court of Session was affirmed by your Lordships, upon appeal regularly entered as far back as the year 1751. Even if that proceeding could be got over, still the present appeal would be barred by the act of his late Majesty, whereby the decrees of the Court of Session are declared to be final and binding upon all parties concerned, after the elapse of thirty days without any appeal being taken. Instead of thirty days, more than thirty years have elapsed in the present case. The appeal is farther barred by your Lordships' standing order of 25th March 1725, whereby no appeal can be received after five years from the date of the decree. 2. Besides, the fee and inheritance of the estate were in the late Lord Lovat, and, in this state, became forfeited to the crown.
Page: 428↓
The grant to General Frazer was of that estate, as so vested in the crown, as fully and freely as if it had been in Lord Lovat, and therefore the appellant has no right to challenge the conveyance of General Frazer to the trustees.
After bearing counsel, it was
Ordered and adjudged that the appeal be dismissed, and that the interlocutor therein complained of be affirmed.
Counsel: For Appellant,
W. Grant,
R. Mc'Intosh.
For Respondents,
W. Adam.