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Scottish Court of Session Decisions
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> Scottish Court of Session Decisions >> Wordie's Trustees v. Wordie [1915] ScotLR 306 (15 January 1915)
URL: http://www.bailii.org/scot/cases/ScotCS/1915/52SLR0306.html
Cite as: [1915] ScotLR 306, [1915] SLR 306
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SCOTTISH_SLR_Court_of_Session
Page: 306↓
Court of Session Inner House Extra Division.
v.
Facts:
Held that a direction to trustees to realise and “pay over the balance or residue of my estates.… to such charitable institutions or societies which exist for the benefit of women and children requiring aid or assistance of whatever nature, but said institutions and societies to be under the management of Protestants,” was not void from uncertainty.
Mrs Mary Storey M'Gregor or Wordie, widow of Peter Wordie of Millersneuk, Lenzie, who died on 27th June 1913, and others, the trustees acting under the trust-disposition and settlement of the said deceased Peter Wordie, dated 28th February 1911, and codicils, first parties and Miss Janet Wordie and others, the testator's whole next-of-kin, second parties, brought a Special Case to determine whether a certain bequest by the testator was valid.
The said trust-disposition and settlement provided, inter alia—“ In the last place, I direct my trustees to realise and convert into cash the rest, residue, and remainder of my means and estate then remaining in their hands, and pay and divide the same as follows, namely—( First) To pay to the Stirlingshire Charitable and Sons of the Rock Society, Glasgow, the sum of £500, to be paid upon the receipt of the treasurer for the time being of said society; ( Second) To pay over the balance or residue of my estates to and for behoof of such charitable purposes as I may think proper to name in any writing, however informal, which I may leave; but failing my leaving such writings, then to such charitable institutions or societies which exist for the benefit of women and children requiring aid or assistance of whatever nature, but said institutions and societies to be under the management of Protestants.” There were no other writings of any kind dealing with the residue of the estate.
The question in law was—“Is the direction to the trustees to pay over ‘the balance or residue of my estates … to such charitable institutions or societies which exist for the benefit of women and children requiring aid or assistance of whatever nature, but said institutions and societies to be under the management of Protestants,’ a valid and effectual bequest capable of receiving effect, or is such bequest void from uncertainty?”
Argued for the first parties—Such bequests were benignantly construed. A bequest to “charity” or “charitable institutions “had been held good. Here the scope of the bequest was further delimited— M'Phee's Trustees v. M'Phee, 1912 S.C. 75, 49 S.L.R. 33; Weir v. Crum Brown and Others, 1908 SC (HL) 3, 45 S.L.R. 335; Hay's Trustees v. Baillie, 1908 SC 1224, 45 S.L.R. 908; Clelland's Trustees v. Clelland, 1907 S.C. 591, 44 S.L.R. 412; Young's Trustees v. Young's Trustee, December 17, 1901, 4 F. (H.L.) 1, 39 S.L.R. 212, December 14, 1900, 3 F. 274, 38 S.L.R. 209.
Argued for the second parties—In such bequests a power in the trustees to select the charities to be benefited must be expressed or implied— Allan's Executor v. Allan, 1908 S.C. 807, 45 S.L.R. 579; Dundas v. Dundas, January 27, 1837, 15 S. 427. No such power was expressly given here, and the terms of the deed excluded any implied power to select. The bequest was therefore void. Alternatively, even if power to select was to be implied, while to use “charitable” itself was good, the testator here attempted to pick out a certain class of charitable institutions, but he did so in such vague terms that it was impossible to identify the class, and therefore the bequest was void from uncertainty.
The portion of the clause dealing with residue which, as circumstances have turned out, calls for attention consists in the direction to his trustees to pay over the balance or residue of his estates to and for behoof of “such charitable institutions or societies which exist for the benefit of women and children requiring aid or assistance of whatever nature, but said institutions and societies to be under the management of Protestants.” The question raised in the case, and argued at our bar as between the trustees on the one hand and the next-of-kin of the deceased on the other, is whether the direction I have just quoted is a valid and effectual bequest capable of receiving effect, or is a bequest void from uncertainty.
I have little hesitation in affirming the first of these alternatives and negativing the second. When one looks at the words of the residue clause one observes, in the first place, that the institutions or societies are to be charitable, and that they thus fall under the category most favoured by the law—the category of charity. One observes, in the next place, that there is not here—what there has been in some of the cases reported in the books—any other adjective employed either cumulatively with or alternatively to charitable, the introduction of which might have been fatal to the clause, as, for instance, if the bequest had been “for charitable or public purposes.” Again, one may observe that the sphere of the clause does not seem too wide to enable it to receive effect, because bequests have been sustained to “charitable institutions” or, as in the case of Dundas, 15 Shaw, 427, to “charities.” No suggestion was made that the word “Protestants” could afford any room for doubt or difficulty. It appears to me, accordingly, that the case falls very much under the rule expressed by Lord Chancellor Loreburn in the case of
Page: 307↓
Mr Brown, in addition to contending that the description of the beneficiaries was unintelligibly vague, presented an argument to the effect that upon a proper construction of the language used no power of selection was left to the trustees, because the institutions or societies were to be such charitable institutions or societies of the kind specified which exist, namely, all existing societies coming within the region of the words which follow. I think it is idle to contend that by implication the trustees here are not given a discretion, and I think an argument very similar to Mr Brown's has been put forward and rejected by the Court in several of the cases, notably perhaps in Allan's Executor v. Allan. I think it would approach the ridiculous to affirm that the trustees would be bound to accept, and, if I may so phrase it, to put upon their list all such societies or institutions, or any such society or institution, which might claim to be put thereupon, or that the trustees are not free to vary the amount of their donations when making the distribution among such institutions or societies as they may put upon their list. That argument therefore seems to me to fail, and without further amplifying the matter I propose that we should answer the question by finding that the direction quoted in the question is a valid and effectual bequest, capable of receiving effect, and is not void from uncertainty.
The Court answered the first alternative of the question in law in the affirmative and the second in the negative.
Counsel for the First Parties— Cooper, K.C.— Paton. Agents— Macpherson & Mackay, S.S.C.
Counsel for the Second Parties— Macmillan, K.C.— C. H. Brown. Agents— Martin, Milligan, & Macdonald, W.S.