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Scottish Court of Session Decisions
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> Scottish Court of Session Decisions >> Henderson (Lawrie's Trustee) v. Henderson and Others [1890] ScotLR 27_247 (9 January 1890)
URL: http://www.bailii.org/scot/cases/ScotCS/1890/27SLR0247.html
Cite as: [1890] SLR 27_247, [1890] ScotLR 27_247
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SCOTTISH_SLR_Court_of_Session
Page: 247↓
Court of Session Inner House First Division.
v.
Facts:
A testator directed his trustees to divide the residue of his estate into six parts, and to convey one part to each of his nephews and nieces nominatim. He also directed that the issue of the residuary legatees who might predecease him should have right to their Parent's share, and that if any of the beneficiaries predeceased him without leaving issue, that the share “provided to such deceaser shall be divided equally among his or her brothers and sisters.
Held that the children of a niece who predeceased the testator were entitled to the original share of residue destined to their mother by the trust-deed, but not to any accretions from the lapsed shares of other beneficiaries who predeceased the testator. M'Nish v. Donald's Trustees, 7 R. 96, followed.
John Lawrie, innkeeper, Bellsquarry, who died on 16th December 1888, by the third purpose of his trust-disposition and settlement directed his trustees as follows:— “My trustees shall divide the residue of my estate and effects into six equal shares, and shall pay one-sixth share to each of Archibald Henderson, Jessie Leishman Henderson, John Henderson, Robert Lawrie Henderson, and James Lawrie Henderson, the children of my sister Mrs Jessie Lawrie or Henderson now Cribbes, wife of
Page: 248↓
Robert Cribbes, wine and spirit merchant, Edinburgh, and the remaining one-sixth share to my niece Mrs Jessie Dowie or Borthwick, wife of Borthwick, residing at, only daughter of my sister Mrs Mary Lawrie or Dowie, wife of John Dowie, Bellsquarry: Declaring that the issue of such of my said nephews and nieces as may predecease me shall have right to the share which would have fallen to their parent had he or she survived me; and that in the event of any of the children of the said Mrs Jessie Lawrie or Henderson now Cribbes predeceasing me without leaving issue, the share provided to such deceaser shall be divided equally among his or her brothers and sisters.” The sum available for distribution under this third purpose amounted to about £15,000.
Mrs Jessie Leishman Henderson, one of the residuary legatees under the said settlement, died on or about the 28th October 1882, and the testator, by a codicil to his trust-disposition and settlement, dated 25th February 1884, provided as follows:—“Further, considering that my niece Jessie Leishman Henderson … is now dead, leaving two daughters, to whom their mother's share of my estate will fall to be paid in the event of their surviving me, I hereby declare, but without prejudice to the provisions within written, that my trustees shall hold the share which may fall to my said grandnieces, or to the issue of any other of my residuary legatees, for their behoof until they shall respectively attain the age of twenty-one years or are married, whichever of these events shall first happen”—with power to apply the income or capital for their benefit during minority, or to accumulate their shares until the period before mentioned.
Robert Lawrie Henderson, a son of Mrs Jessie Lawrie or Henderson or Cribbes, and nephew of the testator, and one of his residuary legatees, predeceased him, dying on 9th June 1886, leaving a child who also predeceased the testator in infancy. The share which Robert Lawrie Henderson would have taken on survivance thus fell to be divided among the other members of Mrs Cribbes' family, and a question arose whether the two daughters of Mrs Jessie Leishman Henderson, in addition to their mother's share of the said residue, were entitled to a share of the sum destined to the said Robert Lawrie Henderson.
The present case was accordingly presented by (1) John Henderson, sole surviving trustee and executor under the above-mentioned trust-deed; (2) Archibald Henderson, John Henderson, and James Lawrie Henderson, nephews of the testator; (3) The two children of Mrs Jessie Henderson, who predeceased the testator.
The following questions were submitted for the decision of the Court—“(1) Whether the two children of Mrs Jessie Leishman Henderson, the parties hereto of the third part, are entitled, either under the settlement and codicil of the said John Lawrie, or under the doctrine of conditio si sine liberis decesserit, to a share of the one-sixth share of the testator's estate, provided to the said deceased Robert Lawrie Henderson, in addition to the sixth share to which they are entitled as in right of their mother? Or (2) Whether the said share which would have fallen to Robert Lawrie Henderson had he survived now falls to be divided among the said Archibald Henderson, John Henderson, and James Lawrie Henderson, the parties hereto of the second part?”
Argued for the second parties—The right of the third parties was limited to the original share to which their mother was entitled, and not to any addition which might have been made to that share by accretion. The event had occurred which the last clause of this third purpose was intended to provide for, and to read in “or their issue” as was necessary if the third parties were to prevail would be to go in the face of the expressed intention of the testator. The question was settled by the authority of M'Nish v. Donald's Trustees, October 25, 1879, 7 R. 96.
Argued for the third parties—Though the nephews and nieces were called nominatim, yet all were called. It was the same, therefore, as if they had been called per stirpes, and the clause of residue should be read as if this had been done. So read, it would favour the contention of the third parties, and would enable them to share not only in the original shares left to their mother but also to any additions to it gained by accretion. The words “the share” to which the third parties were entitled to succeed, meant the accresced share, and not the original share— Graham's Trustees v. Grahams, March 2, 1868, 6 Macph. 820; Aitken's Trustees v. Wright, December 22, 1871, 10 Macph. 275; Eyre v. Marsden, 1838, 7 L.J., Ch. 220.
At advising—
The testator Lawrie died in December 1888. He was predeceased by one of the residuary legatees, Robert Lawrie Henderson, who had a child who also predeceased the testator, and accordingly the share of residue which would have gone to Robert Lawrie Henderson had he survived the testator lapsed by his predecease. There was another residuary legatee who predeceased the testator, Mrs Jessie Henderson, who left two daughters. They will of course take the share of residue which would have gone to their mother, but the question we have to determine is, whether the share of residue to which Robert Lawrie Henderson would have succeeded if he had survived the testator goes in consequence of his predecease to his surviving brothers and sisters (the parties of the second part), or whether the children of Jessie Henderson are entitled to take the share of it which would have gone to their mother if she had not predeceased the testator.
Now, this depends upon the terms of the third purpose of the trust-disposition, which provides that the trustees are to divide the residue into six equal shares, five of which
Page: 249↓
The division of residue is thus to be five-sixths to one family, and one-sixth to the only child of another family.
So far, then, there is no ambiguity as to the testator's intention; but the clause goes on to provide as follows—“Declaring that the issue of such of my said nephews and nieces as may predecease me shall have right to the share which would have fallen to their parent had he or she survived me.” Now, that is just putting into express words the conditio si sine liberis decesserit, and it is followed by this provision—“In the event of any of the children of the said Mrs Jessie Lawrie or Henderson now Cribbes predeceasing me without issue, the share provided to such deceaser shall be divided equally among his or her brothers and sisters.”
Something was said in the course of the discussion about the collocation of these two sentences, and it was suggested that had their respective positions been reversed the interpretation to be put upon them might have been different. For my part I do not see that it would have made any difference in the meaning of these clauses if the second had come first, because in the one clause the testator is providing for the case of a nephew or niece predeceasing him leaving issue, while in the other it is for the case of a beneficiary predeceasing him without issue.
It appears to me that the solution of this question, so far as it is not determined by authority, depends upon the meaning which is to be attached to the words “the share.”
There can, I think, be no doubt as to the meaning of these words in the latter portion of this clause; it must mean the one-sixth original share of residue belonging to the predeceasing beneficiary which is to go to the surviving brothers and sisters, and is to be divided equally among them. That being so, the words “the share” in the first clause which I read must I think also mean the same thing, namely, one-sixth of the original residue, and must not be held to include any increase of such share by accretion arising from the death of predeceasing beneficiaries.
In the case of M'Nish, to which we were referred ( 7 R. 96), the provisions were substantially the same as we have here, and the conditio was there expressed. If anything turns upon the conditio being expressed as against it being implied, then we are aided by the authority of the case of M'Nish.
But it does not appear to me that we require that authority to assist us in the present decision, because the case of Young v. Robertson, in 4 M'Queen, established a general proposition, which is to this effect, that where there is a provision in the deed that the shares of beneficiaries predeceasing the testator and leaving issue shall go to their children, then such issue take only the original shares, and not what might have come to their respective parents (provided they had survived the testator) by means of accretion in consequence of the predecease of another beneficiary.
I am therefore for answering the question in the case upon this principle.
A clear distinction is drawn in all cases of this class between original and accrued shares, and whenever there is room for the application of the conditio, what the children take is restricted to the parent's original share.
The Court answered the first question in the negative, and the second question in the affirmative.
Counsel for the First and Second Parties— Craigie. Agents— H. & H. Tod, W.S.
Counsel for the Third Parties— D. Robertson. Agent— C. P. Finlay, W.S.