CRIMINAL DIVISION
ON APPEAL FROM THE CROWN COURT AT BASILDON
HHJ GRAHAM T20227056
Strand London WC2A 2LL |
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B e f o r e :
MR JUSTICE GARNHAM
RECORDER OF LIVERPOOL
HIS HONOUR JUDGE MENARY KC
(Sitting as a Judge of the CACD)
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TRENTON BEST |
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Lower Ground, 46 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1JE
Tel No: 020 7404 1400; Email: rcj@epiqglobal.co.uk
(Official Shorthand Writers to the Court)
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Crown Copyright ©
MR JUSTICE GARNHAM:
Once assistance or encouragement is proven, as it could properly be said it was proved inferentially on the facts of this case, there is no requirement to prove that it had a positive effect on the principal's conduct. In respect of encouragement, it was not necessary for the learned judge to point out to the jury that a person needs to be aware of the encouragement because the word itself conveys precisely that meaning.