++++ 1 . Competition - Agreements, decisions and concerted practices - Restriction of competition - Reciprocal representation agreements between national copyright management societies - Lawfulness - Exclusive rights clause - Not lawful ( EEC Treaty, Art . 85(1 ) ) 2 . Competition - Agreements, decisions and concerted practices - Concerted practice - Parallel behaviour - Presumption of concerted action - Limits - Refusal by national copyright management societies to grant a user established in another Member State direct access to their repertoire - Assessment by the national court ( EEC Treaty, Arts 85(1 ) and 177 ) 3 . Competition - Dominant position - Abuse - Unfair trading conditions - Royalties applied by one copyright management society appreciably higher than those charged in other Member States - Possible justification ( EEC Treaty, Art . 86 )