FOURTH SECTION
CASE OF VASIN AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 38346/21 and 28 others -
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
28 March 2024
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Vasin and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Branko Lubarda, President,
Armen Harutyunyan,
Ana Maria Guerra Martins, judges,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 7 March 2024,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government ("the Government") were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. They also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention and its Protocol.
THE LAW
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
6. The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68-73, 17 January 2023).
7. The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 11 of the Convention.
8. The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v. Lithuania [GC], no. 37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v. Turkey, no. 74552/01, ECHR 2006-XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v. Moldova, no. 33482/06, 31 March 2009).
9. In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014 and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
10. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants' freedom of assembly were not "necessary in a democratic society".
11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention.
12. Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and its Protocols, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible.
13. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention and its Protocol in the light of its findings in Karelin v. Russia, no. 926/08, §§ 58-85, 20 September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences (the CAO); Butkevich v. Russia, no. 5865/07, §§ 63-65, 13 February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia, nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018, and Korneyeva v. Russia, no. 72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; Novikova and Others v. Russia, nos. 25501/07 and 4 others, 26 April 2016, concerning disproportionate measures taken against participants in solo manifestations; and Martynyuk v. Russia, no. 13764/15, §§ 38-42, 8 October 2019, relating to the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of administrative detention.
14. Some applicants raised further additional complaints under Article 6 of the Convention concerning the fairness of the administrative-offence proceedings. In view of the findings in paragraphs above, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with these remaining complaints.
15. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case-law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos. 25809/17 and 14 others, § 22, 4 October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 28 March 2024, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Branko Lubarda
Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention
(disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies)
Application no. Date of introduction | Applicant's name Year of birth
| Representative's name and location | Name of the public event Location Date | Administrative / criminal offence | Penalty | Final domestic decision Court Name Date | Other complaints under well-established case-law | Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros)[1] | |
02/07/2021 | Sergey Yevgenyevich VASIN 1965 | Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow | Rally "Free Navalnyy"
Moscow
21/04/2021 | article 20.2 § 2 of CAO | administrative detention of 10 days | Moscow City Court 28/04/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 2.30 p.m. to 6 p.m. on 21/04/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision Moscow City Court, 28/04/2021,
Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - the applicant started serving his sentence - administrative arrest - before the appeal judgment was delivered | 4,000 | |
01/10/2021 | Veronika Konstantinovna SANDER 1992 | Nurgaleyev Danil Ilnurovich Kazan | Rally "Free Navalnyy"
Kazan
31/01/2021 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 07/04/2021 |
| 3,500 | |
10/12/2021 | Rinat Maratovich DAVLETGILDEYEV 1986 | Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk | Placing LGBT flag on the FSB building "to celebrate President Putin's Birthday"
Moscow
07/10/2020 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 17/08/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 11.10 a.m. to 3.09 p.m. on 29/10/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 17/08/2020 | 4,000 | |
11/12/2021 | Petr Sergeyevich MIRONOV 1990 | Aksenova Darya Dmitriyevna Kolomna | Rally "Free Navalnyy"
Moscow
31/01/2021 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 11/06/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 4 p.m. on 31/01/2021 to 0.15 a.m. on 01/02/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 11/06/2021 | 4,000 | |
11/12/2021 | Maksim Aleksandrovich VOLKOV 1996 | Aksenova Darya Dmitriyevna Kolomna | Rally "Free Navalnyy"
Moscow
23/01/2021 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 21/06/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 7.05 p.m. for more than 3 hours on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 21/06/2021 | 4,000 | |
20/01/2022 (4 applicants) | Aleksandra Vladimirovna POLIVANOVA 1976
Aleksandr Vladimirovich BOGOMAZ 1976
Ivan Denisovich FINOGEYEV 1996
Sergey Sergeyevich VLASOV 1986
| Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow | Party congress meeting
Velikiy Novgorod
22/05/2021 | article 20.6.1 § 1 of CAO | fine of RUB 3,000 (Ms Polivanova)
fine of RUB 4,000 (Mr Bogomaz)
fine of RUB 5,000 (Mr Vlasov)
fine of RUB 3,000 (Mr Finogeyev) | Novgorod Regional Court 20/07/2021
Novgorod Regional Court 20/07/2021
Novgorod Regional Court 30/07/2021
Novgorod Regional Court 05/08/2021 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - all sets of the proceedings: Final decisions: Novgorod Regional Court, 20/07/2021, 30/07/2021, 05/08/2021
| 3,500, to each of the applicants | |
30/12/2021 | Kirill Alekseyevich GLADKOV 1999 | Aksenova Darya Dmitriyevna Kolomna | Rally "Free Navalnyy"
Moscow
31/01/2021 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000 | Moscow City Court 05/07/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 7 p.m. for more than 3 hours on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 05/07/2021 | 4,000 | |
17/01/2022 | Nikita Aleksandrovich YESIN 1990 | Aksenova Darya Dmitriyevna Kolomna | Protest against road construction
Moscow
19/03/2020 | article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 19/07/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest on 19/03/2020 and detention from 11.25 p.m. for more than 3 hours for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 19/07/2021 | 4,000 | |
01/10/2022 | Ilya Andreyevich MINOCHKIN 1997 | Bushmakov Aleksey Vladimirovich Yekaterinburg | Anti-war protest
Yekaterinburg
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | community service of 25 hours | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 08/06/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Sverdlovsk Regional Court, 08/06/2022 | 4,000 | |
01/10/2022 | Leonid Vladimirovich LUKINYKH 1987 | Bushmakov Aleksey Vladimirovich Yekaterinburg | Anti-war protest
Yekaterinburg
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000 | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 24/08/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Sverdlovsk Regional Court, 24/08/2022 | 4,000 | |
24/10/2022 | Irina-Lika Petrovna SUKHOVA 1976 | Arshinova Valeriya Aleksandrovna Moscow | Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 27/06/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 27/06/2022 | 4,000 | |
21/10/2022 | Maksim Vyacheslavovich KHARIN 1999 |
| Anti-war protest
Yekaterinburg
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 22/06/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 2.02 p.m. to 11.50 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Sverdlovsk Regional Court, 22/06/2022 | 4,000 | |
21/10/2022 | Fail Mazitovich GATIYATULLIN 1987 | Baranova Natalya Andreyevna Moscow | Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 29/06/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 3 p.m. to 10 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 29/06/2022 | 4,000 | |
25/10/2022 | Kirill Petrovich SHUMILOV 1994 | Baranova Natalya Andreyevna Moscow | Anti-war protest
Ulyanovsk
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Ulyanovsk Regional Court 30/06/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 2.20 p.m. to 7.40 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Ulyanovsk Regional Court, 30/06/2022 | 4,000 | |
31/10/2022 | Yuliya Vladimirovna DEMUTSKAYA 2001 | Baranova Natalya Andreyevna Moscow | Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 13/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 2.30 p.m. to 11.45 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 13/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
28/10/2022 | Aleksandra Mikhaylovna SPIRIDONOVA 1989 |
| Anti-war protest
Moscow
04/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 01/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 4.30 p.m. to 7.01 p.m. on 04/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 01/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
07/11/2022 | Marina Viktorovna NARYZHNAYA 1984 |
| Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 25/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 3.10 p.m. to 9.30 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 25/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
12/11/2022 | Darya Leonidovna YURISHCHEVA 1986 | Arshinova Valeriya Aleksandrovna Moscow | Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000 | Moscow City Court 15/08/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 15/08/2022 | 4,000 | |
13/11/2022 | Aleksey Andreyevich SIDYUKOV 1996 |
| Anti-war protest
Moscow
24/02/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 13/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 7.50 p.m. on 24/02/2022 to 3.10 a.m. on 25/02/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 13/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
21/11/2022 | Maksim Sergeyevich SVESHNIKOV 1990 |
| Anti-war protest
Moscow
03/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 21/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 7.10 p.m. to 11.55 p.m. on 03/03/2022 and from 3.20 p.m. to 5.00 p.m. on 04/06/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decisions: Moscow City Court, 21/07/2022 and 16/08/2022,
Art. 10 (1) - disproportionate measures against solo demonstrators - solo picket against the war in Ukraine on 04/06/2022, final decision: by the Moscow City Court, on 16/08/2022; the applicant was fined
| 4,000 | |
12/11/2022 | Mark Yuryevich NARUSOV 1998 |
| Anti-war protest
Moscow
28/02/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 15/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 7.50 p.m. on 28/02/2022 to 1 a.m. on 01/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 15/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
25/10/2022 | Vyacheslav Yevgenyevich POSPEKOV 1990 | Baranova Natalya Andreyevna Moscow | Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 27/06/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 2.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 27/06/2022 | 4,000 | |
19/11/2022 | Vladislav Konstantinovich STEZHKO 2003 |
| Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 19/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 2.30 p.m. on 06/03/2022 to 12 p.m. on 07/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 19/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
28/11/2022 | Andrey Aleksandrovich DEMKIN 1996 | Bochilo Anna Yevgenyevna Barnaul | Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022
| article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 27/09/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 3.30 p.m. to 9.50 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal
| 4,000 | |
24/11/2022 | Aleksey Yuryevich MUNYOS 2002 |
| Anti-war protest
Moscow
06/03/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 25/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 25/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
19/11/2022 | Anna Sergeyevna STEFANOVICH 1991 | Pilipenko Anastasiya Vladimirovna St Petersburg | Anti-war protest
St Petersburg
27/02/2022 | article 20.2.2 § 1 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | St Petersburg City Court 19/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 6.15 p.m. on 27/02/2022 to 0.50 a.m. on 28/02/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: St Petersburg City Court, 19/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
19/11/2022 | Polina Valeryevna POPOVA 1992 | Pilipenko Anastasiya Vladimirovna St Petersburg | Anti-war protest
St Petersburg
06/03/2022 | article 20.2.2 § 1 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | St Petersburg City Court 19/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 4.36 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. on 06/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: St Petersburg City Court, 19/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
17/11/2022 | Olga Viktorovna LYUTTSER 2000 |
| Anti-war protest
Moscow
27/02/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000 | Moscow City Court 21/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 5.40 p.m. on 27/02/2022 to 1.05 a.m. on 28/02/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 21/07/2022 | 4,000 | |
17/11/2022 | Igor Mikhaylovich MAKARSHIN 1963 | Antokhin Yevgeniy Vyacheslavovich Moscow | Manifestation in memory of B. Nemtsov
Moscow
27/02/2022 | article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000 | Moscow City Court 25/07/2022 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention from 5.30 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. on 27/02/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative offence record, raised on appeal,
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings - Final decision: Moscow City Court, 25/07/2022 | 4,000 |
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.