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European Court of Human Rights
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> European Court of Human Rights >> GABDULVALEYEV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA - 60966/17 (Article 11 - Freedom of assembly and association : First Section Committee) [2023] ECHR 607 (20 July 2023)
URL: http://www.bailii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/2023/607.html
Cite as: [2023] ECHR 607
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FIRST SECTION
CASE OF GABDULVALEYEV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 60966/17 and 19 others -
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
20 July 2023
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Gabdulvaleyev and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Lətif Hüseynov, President,
Ivana Jelić,
Erik Wennerström, judges,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 29 June 2023,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government ("the Government") were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
- JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
- JURISDICTION
6. The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68-73, 17 January 2023).
- ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 11 OF THE CONVENTION
7. The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 11 of the Convention. Some applicants also invoked Article 10; however, these complaints fall to be examined under Article 11 of the Convention.
8. The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v. Lithuania [GC], no. 37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v. Turkey, no. 74552/01, ECHR 2006-XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v. Moldova, no. 33482/06, 31 March 2009).
9. In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts); Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014; and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
10. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints (see, in particular, Lashmankin and Others v. Russia, nos. 57818/09 and 14 others, §§ 345-60 and 404-77, 7 February 2017, and Kablis v. Russia, nos. 48310/16 and 59663/17, §§ 67-71, 30 April 2019). Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants' freedom of assembly were not "necessary in a democratic society".
11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention.
- OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW
12. Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and its Protocols, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible.
13. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention and its Protocols in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia, no. 5865/07, §§ 63-65, 13 February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia, nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018, and Korneyeva v. Russia, no. 72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; Karelin v. Russia, no. 926/08, §§ 58-85, 20 September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences (CAO); Tsvetkova and Others, cited above, §§ 179-91, and Martynyuk v. Russia, no. 13764/15, §§ 38-42, 8 October 2019, concerning lack of suspensive effect of an appeal under the CAO.
- REMAINING COMPLAINTS
14. Having regard to its findings above, the Court does not consider it necessary to examine separately the remaining complaints raised by some of the applicants under Article 6 of the Convention about the fairness of the administrative-offence proceedings in their cases.
15. The applicant in application no. 28903/19 also raised a complaint under Article 5 of the Convention. The Court considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession, this complaint is belated. It follows that this part of the application must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 §§ 1 and 4 of the Convention.
- APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
16. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case-law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos. 25809/17 and 14 others, § 22, 4 October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
- Decides to join the applications;
- Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with the applicants' complaints as they relate to facts that took place before 16 September 2022;
- Declares the complaints under Article 11 of the Convention and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, finds that there is no need to examine separately the remaining complaints under Article 6 of the Convention, and declares the remainder of application no. 28903/19 inadmissible;
- Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention;
- Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention and the Protocols thereto as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);
- Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 20 July 2023, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Lətif Hüseynov
Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention
(disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies)
Application no. Date of introduction | Applicant's name Year of birth
| Representative's name and location | Name of the public event Location Date | Administrative charges | Penalty | Final domestic decision Court Name Date | Other complaints under well-established case-law | Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses (in euros)[1] | |
16/08/2017
20/06/2018 | Azat Sadgatovich GABDULVALEYEV 1964 | Khrunova Irina Vladimirovna Kazan | Anticorruption rally Kazan 26/03/2017
Anticorruption rally Kazan 14/05/2017
Anticorruption rally Kazan 12/06/2017 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO
Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO
Article 20.2 § 1 of CAO | 30 hours of community work
administrative detention of 10 days
fine of RUB 20,000 | Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 21/06/2017
Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 28/06/2017
Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 20/12/2017 |
| 4,000 | |
09/11/2017 | Aleksandr Andreyevich MARKIN 1999 | Terekhov Konstantin Ilyich Moscow | Anticorruption rally Bryansk 26/03/2017 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | 25 hours of community work | Bryansk Regional Court 24/05/2017 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence, on 30/03/2017, when the applicant was taken from his home by the police
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Bryansk Regional Court, 24/05/2017 | 4,000 | |
02/08/2018 | Vladislav Yuryevich ZLOBIN 1992 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius | Rally in support of A. Navalnyy Lipetsk 28/01/2018 | Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | administrative detention of 20 days | Lipetsk Regional Court 02/02/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Lipetsk Regional Court, 02/02/2018 | 3,500 | |
17/08/2018 | Ruslan Tabrizovich SHAVEDDINOV 1996 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius | Anticorruption rally Moscow 12/06/2017
Rally in support of I. Golunov Moscow 12/06/2019 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO
Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000
administrative detention of 9 days | Moscow City Court 26/02/2018
Moscow City Court 04/07/2019 | Art. 5 (1) unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without "exceptional circumstances": - from 03.00 p.m. to 10.00 p.m. on 12/06/2017, - from 2.15 p.m. to 9.45 p.m. on 12/06/2019, while the record of the administrative offence was drawn up only on 17/06/2019;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decisions: Moscow City Court, 26/02/2018 and 04/07/2019;
Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - The sentence of administrative detention imposed on the applicant by the court of first instance on 28/06/2019 was executed immediately, on account of the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal under the CAO
| 5,000 | |
26/12/2018 | Sergey Anatolyevich UKHOV 1985 | Pershakova Yelena Yuryevna Moscow | Opposition rally Perm 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | fine of RUB 250,000 | Perm Regional Court 26/06/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without "exceptional circumstances", from 12.30 a.m. to 06.00 p.m. on 10/05/2018;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Perm Regional Court, 26/06/2018 | 6,500 | |
15/01/2019 | Dmitriy Andreyevih KORZHENEVSKIY 1984 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius | Opposition rally Ivanovo 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000 | Ivanovo Regional Court 17/07/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Ivanovo Regional Court, 17/07/2018 | 3,500 | |
22/01/2019 | Daniil Andreyevich GOLOVACHEV 2000 | Sabinin Andrey Vasilyevich Stavropol | Rally against the pension reform Stavropol 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Stavropol Regional Court 24/10/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Stavropol Regional Court, 24/10/2018 | 3,500 | |
25/01/2019 | Sergey Eduardovich KOMANDIROV 1995 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius
| Opposition rally Smolensk 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Smolensk Regional Court 26/09/2018 |
| 3,500 | |
25/02/2019 | Yuriy Sergeyevich KUZMINYKH 1978 | Bushmakov Aleksey Vladimirovich Yekaterinburg | Opposition rally Yekaterinburg 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 05/09/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Sverdlovsk Regional Court, 05/09/2018 | 3,500 | |
01/03/2019 | Anastasiya Aleksandrovna VASILYEVA 1984 | Sholokhov Igor Nikolayevich Kazan | Rally against the pension reform Omsk 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Omsk Regional Court 30/10/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative-offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without "exceptional circumstances": - from 03.05 p.m. to 09.00 p.m. on 09/09/2018, without any record of the applicant's deprivation of liberty, then - from 09.10 a.m. to 06.10 p.m. on 10/09/2018, till the hearings on the administrative-offence case;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Omsk Regional Court, 30/10/2018 | 4,000 | |
26/03/2019 | Yevgeniy Valeryevich DOMOZHIROV 1974 | Cherkasov Vitaliy Viktorovich St Petersburg | Rally against the pension reform Vologda 05/07/2018
Rally against the pension reform Vologda 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 1 of CAO
Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000
administrative detention of 15 days | Vologda Regional Court 29/10/2018
Vologda Regional Court 09/10/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decisions: Vologda Regional Court, 09/10/2018 and 29/10/2018 | 5,000 | |
19/04/2019 | Aleksey Aleksandrovich GRIGORYEV 1988 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally against the pension reform Murmansk 01/07/2018
Rally against the pension reform Murmansk 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO
Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | fine of RUB 150,000
fine of RUB 150,000 | Murmansk Regional Court 21/11/2018
Murmansk Regional Court 10/12/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decisions: Murmansk Regional Court, 21/11/2018 and 10/12/2018 | 6,500 | |
08/05/2019 | Aleksandr Aleksandrovich SURINOV 2000 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally against the pension reform Murmansk 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | fine of RUB 150,000 | Murmansk Regional Court 23/11/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Murmansk Regional Court, 23/11/2018 | 5,000 | |
08/05/2019 | Viktor Vyacheslavovich LUTCHENKO 1989 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally against the pension reform Khabarovsk 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Khabarovsk Regional Court 23/11/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without "exceptional circumstances", from 02.15 p.m. to 5.50 p.m. on 9/09/2018;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Khabarovsk Regional Court, 23/11/2018 | 4,000 | |
16/05/2019 | Artem Aleksandrovich KOVALEVSKIY 1991 | Sholokhov Igor Nikolayevich Kazan | Rally against the pension reform Omsk 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Omsk Region Court 04/12/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Omsk Region Court, 04/12/2018 | 3,500 | |
03/09/2019 | Olga Igorevna ZHULIMOVA 1992 |
| Rally against the pension reform Penza 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Penza Regional Court 06/03/2019 | Art. 5 (1) unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without "exceptional circumstances", from 12.45 a.m. on 20/09/2018 till the hearings in the applicant's administrative-offence case on 21/09/2018 | 4,000 | |
27/12/2019 | Kseniya Aleksandrovna SEREDKINA 1986 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally for fair elections to Mosgorduma Rostov-on-Don 10/08/2019 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Rostov Regional Court 11/09/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without "exceptional circumstances", from 03.00 p.m. on 10/08/2019 to the hearings on the applicant's administrative offence case on the same day
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Rostov Regional Court, 11/09/2019 | 4,000 | |
10/01/2020 | Olga Andreyevna GUSEVA 1995 | Cherkasov Vitaliy Viktorovich St Petersburg | Rally for fair elections to Mosgorduma St Petersburg 10/08/2019 | Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO | administrative detention of 6 days | St Petersburg City Court 16/08/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without "exceptional circumstances", from 02.00 p.m. on 10/08/2019 to 03.00 a.m. on 11/08/2019;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: St Petersburg City Court, 16/08/2019
Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - The sentence of administrative detention imposed on the applicant by the court of first instance was executed immediately, on account of the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal under the CAO | 5,000 | |
30/03/2020 | Artem Vladimirovich SAYGALOV 1996 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally for fair elections to Mosgorduma Bryansk 10/08/2019 | Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Bryansk Regional Court 06/11/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty: escorting to the police station for the purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence; detention in excess of 3 hours and without "exceptional circumstances", from 9.00. a.m. on 12/09/2019 (when the applicant came back to his hometown of Bryansk) to the hearings on the applicant's administrative-case offence on the same day;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings - final decision: Bryansk Regional Court, 06/11/2019 | 4,000 |
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.