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European Court of Human Rights
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> European Court of Human Rights >> MASTRYUKOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA - 8346/17 (Judgment : Article 3 - Prohibition of torture : Third Section Committee) [2022] ECHR 838 (13 October 2022)
URL: http://www.bailii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/2022/838.html
Cite as: [2022] ECHR 838, CE:ECHR:2022:1013JUD000834617, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2022:1013JUD000834617
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THIRD SECTION
CASE OF MASTRYUKOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications no. 8346/17 and 24 others –
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
13 October 2022
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Mastryukov and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Darian Pavli, President,
Andreas Zünd,
Frédéric Krenc, judges,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 15 September 2022,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their on‑going detention in post-conviction facilities. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION
6. The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their on-going detention in post-conviction facilities during the periods indicated in the appended table. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
Article 3
“No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”
7. The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, §§ 90‑94, ECHR 2000‑XI, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 139‑65, 10 January 2012). It reiterates in particular that extreme lack of space in a prison cell or overcrowding weighs heavily as an aspect to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the impugned detention conditions were “degrading” from the point of view of Article 3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see, amongst many authorities, Karalevičius v. Lithuania, no. 53254/99, §§ 36–40, 7 April 2005).
8. In the leading case of Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, no. 5993/08, 28 November 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the conditions of the applicant’s on-going detention in post-conviction facilities were inadequate.
10. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention.
III. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW
11. Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its well‑established case-law (see Sergey Babushkin, cited above, §§ 38-45, concerning lack of an effective remedy in respect of the complaints about conditions of post-conviction detention, and Gorlov and Others v. Russia, nos. 27057/06 and 2 others, 2 July 2019, concerning permanent video surveillance of detainees and the lack of an effective remedy in that respect).
IV. REMAINING COMPLAINTS
12. The applicants also raised other complaints under various Articles of the Convention.
13. The Court has examined the applications listed in the appended table and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.
It follows that this part of the applications must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.
V. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
14. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
15. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, (just satisfaction), no. 5993/08, 16 October 2014 and Mozharov and Others v. Russia, no. 16401/12 and 9 others, 21 March 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
16. The Court further considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1. Decides to join the applications;
2. Declares the complaints concerning the inadequate conditions of on‑going detention after conviction, as described in the appended table, and the other complaints under well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible and the remainder of the applications inadmissible;
3. Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of on-going detention after conviction;
4. Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);
5. Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 13 October 2022, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Darian Pavli
Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention
(inadequate conditions of detention after conviction)
|
Application no. Date of introduction |
Applicant’s name Year of birth
|
Representative’s name and location |
Facility Start and end date Duration |
Inmates per brigade Sq. m per inmate Number of toilets per brigade |
Specific grievances |
Other complaints under well-established case-law |
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros) [1] | |
|
|
8346/17 06/03/2017
AND
29788/17 25/08/2017 |
Vladimir Stanislavovich MASTRYUKOV 1989 |
|
IK-2 Zabaykalskiy Region 02/11/2014 pending More than 7 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 8 day(s) |
120 inmate(s) 1.8 m˛ |
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of requisite medical assistance, inadequate temperature. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
45064/17 29/05/2017 |
Eduard Nikolayevich DRUGOV 1977 |
|
IK-2 Zabaykalskiy Region 04/06/2016 pending More than 6 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 6 day(s) |
48 inmate(s) 1.5 m˛ |
overcrowding |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention |
16,300 |
|
|
76250/17 12/10/2017 |
Denis Aleksandrovich OSTAPENKO 1974 |
Marianna Dmitriyevna Butrimenko Volgograd |
IK-9 Volgograd 28/08/2010 to 27/03/2011 7 month(s)
IK-24 Volgograd 27/03/2011 to 29/11/2016 5 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 3 day(s), IK-9 Volgograd 29/11/2016 pending More than 5 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 12 day(s) |
120 inmate(s) 1.2 m˛ 3 toilet(s) |
inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water, overcrowding, passive smoking, poor quality of food. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
3655/18 25/12/2017 |
Ilya Olegovich ISAYKIN 1988 |
|
IK-12 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/12/2016 to 21/11/2017 11 month(s) and 21 day(s)
IK-12 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 09/01/2018 pending More than 4 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 9 day(s)
|
100 inmate(s) 1.85 m˛ |
overcrowding, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of fresh air, no toilet inside the building, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of requisite medical assistance, poor quality of food |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
3725/18 15/12/2017 |
Sergey Andreyevich PAVLOV 1987 |
|
IK-1 Arkhangelsk Region 12/02/2017 pending More than 5 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 6 day(s) |
83 inmate(s) 1.7 m˛ 4 toilet(s) |
No or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, poor quality of food. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
7983/18 21/01/2018 |
Ruslan Shakhabudinovich ABDULLAYEV 1979 |
|
IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/09/2015 pending More than 6 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 17 day(s) |
1.6 m˛ |
Bunk beds, overcrowding, lack of fresh air, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
8054/18 21/01/2018 |
Mikhail Eduardovich ZARUBETSKIY 1981 |
|
IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 04/08/2014 to 19/02/2018 3 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 16 day(s)
IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod 05/03/2018 pending More than 4 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 5 day(s) |
1.6 m˛
|
bunk beds, overcrowding, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of fresh air, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, poor quality of food
|
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
14097/18 12/03/2018 |
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich UKHANOV 1984 |
|
IK-1 Arkhangelsk Region 01/08/2016 pending More than 6 year(s) and 9 day(s) |
90 inmate(s) 1.6 m˛ 4 toilet(s) |
Overcrowding, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to running water, inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient natural light. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
14260/18 19/02/2018 |
Valeriy Borisovich GUSEV 1969 |
|
IK-29 Kirov Region 06/03/2017 pending More than 5 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 4 day(s) |
1.5 m˛ |
No ventilation, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or insufficient natural light, mouldy or dirty cell, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, overcrowding in the kitchen, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower, lack of requisite medical assistance.
|
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
15386/18 12/02/2018 |
Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich KOZLOV 1983 |
|
IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/08/2017 to 07/08/2017 7 day(s)
IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod 21/08/2017 pending More than 4 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 28 day(s) |
120 inmate(s) 1.3 m˛ 5 toilet(s) |
Overcrowding, lack or inadequate furniture, inadequate state of the sewage and water supply system, lack of fresh air, insufficient number of toilets and wash basins, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, inadequate state of the exercise yard, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
15419/18 21/02/2018 |
Nikolay Illarionovich KHRAMOV 1977 |
|
IK-6 Chuvashia Republic 11/03/2016 pending More than 6 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 30 day(s) |
50 inmate(s) 1.5 m˛ |
Inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
17221/18 25/03/2018 |
Vladimir Nikolayevich VOLOSTNOV 1957 |
|
IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region 01/08/2017 pending More than 5 year(s) and 9 day(s) |
45 inmate(s) 1.7 m˛ |
Infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack or inadequate furniture, overcrowding, poor quality of food. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
24501/18 29/06/2018 |
Vladimir Vladimirovich NOVIKOV 1978 |
|
IK-2 Zabaykalskiy Region 31/01/2018 pending More than 4 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 10 day(s) |
140 inmate(s) 1.5 m˛ |
Overcrowding. |
|
12,500 |
|
|
24660/18 14/05/2018 |
Konstantin Petrovich OKHLOPKOV 1972 |
|
IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod 05/03/2018 pending More than 4 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 13 day(s) |
1.5 m˛ |
Lack of or insufficient natural light, overcrowding, lack of fresh air, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
28701/18 28/05/2018 |
Yuriy Aleksandrovich ZAGERS 1986 |
Kulakov Yevgeniy Valeryevich Arkhangelsk |
IK-1 Arkhangelsk Region 19/02/2016 pending More than 6 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 22 day(s) |
80 inmate(s) 1.8 m˛ 2 toilet(s) |
Overcrowding, no or restricted access to warm water, poor quality of potable water, poor state of the water supply system, insufficient number of toilets and wash basins, inadequate temperature, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
30403/18 13/06/2018 |
Sergey Anatolyevich TKACHENKO 1980 |
Kulakov Yevgeniy Valeryevich Arkhangelsk |
IK-1 Arkhangelsk Region 30/04/2016 pending More than 6 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 11 day(s) |
90 inmate(s) 1.5 m˛ 4 toilet(s) |
Inadequate temperature, poor quality of food, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, overcrowding, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to warm water, poor quality of potable water. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
31281/18 06/06/2018 |
Viktor Dmitriyevich PONOMARENKO 1979 |
|
IK-49 Komi Republic 12/12/2013 pending More than 8 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 29 day(s) |
1.6 m˛ |
Poor quality of potable water, no or restricted access to toilet, poor quality of food, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, insufficient number of sleeping places. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
31998/18 25/06/2018 |
Andrey Anatolyevich ZLOBIN 1978 |
|
IK-16 Murmansk Region 20/07/2017 pending More than 5 year(s) and 21 day(s) |
105 inmate(s) 2.19 m˛ 5 toilet(s) |
Overcrowding, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to potable water, no radio in cell, bad odour in dormitory, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or insufficient electric light, high humidity in dormitory, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to shower, poor quality of food, unsanitary conditions of canteen. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
32126/18 15/06/2018 |
Yevgeniy Yevgenyevich VASYUTOV 1988 |
Kulakov Yevgeniy Valeryevich Arkhangelsk |
IK-1 Arkhangelsk Region 09/07/2016 pending More than 6 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 1 day(s) |
90 inmate(s) 1.5 m˛ |
Inadequate temperature, lack of or insufficient electric light, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
41868/18 14/11/2018 |
Sergey Ivanovich PETUKHOV 1971 |
|
IK-2 Zabaykalskiy Region 14/10/2017 to 19/04/2020 2 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 6 day(s)
IK-2 Zabaykalskiy Region 02/05/2020 pending More than 2 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 17 day(s)) |
72 inmate(s) 1.5 m˛ 8 toilet(s) |
Inadequate temperature, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack or insufficient quantity of food, poor quality of food, overcrowding, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to warm water, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
44854/18 02/11/2018 |
Vasiliy Vladimirovich VLASOV 1977 |
|
IK-2 Zabaykalskiy Region 20/10/2014 pending More than 7 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 21 day(s) |
140 inmate(s) 1.6 m˛ 7 toilet(s) |
Overcrowding, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to running water, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, no or restricted access to shower |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
7434/19 16/01/2019 |
Aleksandr Sergeyevich POTYLITSYN 1976 |
|
IK-5 Krasnoyarsk Region 14/04/2017 pending More than 5 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 27 day(s) |
170 inmate(s) 1 m˛ 3 toilet(s) |
Overcrowding, lack of outfit, inadequate temperature, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention and in respect of the permanent video surveillance;
Art. 8 (1) - permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities - 14/04/2017 - pending IK-5 Krasnoyarsk Region Opposite-sex operators. |
12,500 |
|
|
19705/19 18/03/2019 |
Ivan Viktorovich GONCHAROV 1980 |
|
IK-1 Komi Republic 20/02/2014 pending More than 8 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 21 day(s) |
100 inmate(s) 1.65 m˛ 6 toilet(s) |
Overcrowding, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower. |
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention. |
12,500 |
|
|
58763/19 17/10/2019 |
Igor Nikolayevich KOTOV 1974 |
|
IK-37 Perm Region 25/04/2018 pending More than 4 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 16 day(s) |
1 m˛ |
Lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of fresh air, insufficient number of sleeping places, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, inadequate temperature, overcrowding, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to warm water. |
|
12,500 |