European Court of Human Rights
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URL: http://www.bailii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/2012/1301.html
Cite as: [2012] ECHR 1301
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FOURTH SECTION
Application no. 32204/11
Katja Mirikli PANAJOTI
against Finland
lodged on 18 May 2011
STATEMENT OF FACTS
THE FACTS
The applicant, Ms Katja Mirikli Panajoti, is a Finnish national who was born in 1981 and lives in Tampere. She was represented before the Court by Mr Tommi Koivistoinen, a lawyer practising in Tampere.
A. The circumstances of the case
The facts of the case, as submitted by the applicant, may be summarised as follows.
The applicant was suspected by the police of unlawful use of narcotics (huumausaineen käyttörikos, straffbart bruk av narkotika).
On 9 March 2011 at 10.02 p.m. the police conducted a search at the applicant’s domicile. Earlier the same day the police had made a bodily inspection (henkilöntarkastus, kroppsvisitation) of the applicant at the police station.
On 3 May 2011 the applicant received the minutes drawn up after the search. On the same date the police decided not to press charges in the matter as the crime committed was a minor one.
B. Relevant domestic law
According to Article 10 of the Finnish Constitution (perustuslaki, grundlagen, Act no. 731/1999), the sanctity of everyone’s home is guaranteed. Measures derogating from this right, and which are necessary for the purpose of guaranteeing basic rights and liberties or for the investigation of crime, must be laid down by an Act.
2. Coercive Measures Act
Chapter 5, section 1, subsection 1, of the Coercive Measures Act (pakkokeinolaki, tvångsmedelslagen, Act no. 646/2003) provides that a search may be conducted, inter alia, if there is reason to suspect that an offence has been committed and provided the maximum sentence applicable exceeds six months’ imprisonment.
The person whose domicile is being searched, or in his or her absence someone else, must be given the opportunity to be present at the search and to call a witness, unless this causes delay. If none of the above-mentioned persons were present at the search, the person whose domicile has been searched must be informed immediately (Chapter 5, section 4, subsection 2).
A search at domicile cannot be conducted between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m. unless there are special reasons (Chapter 5, section 5, subsection 4).
The search warrant is issued by the investigative organs themselves.
According to section 10 of the Coercive Measures Act, a bodily inspection (henkilöntarkastus, kroppsvisitation) can be made of a person suspected on reasonable grounds of, inter alia, an offence for which the maximum sentence applicable exceeds six months’ imprisonment.
3. Penal Code
According to Chapter 50, section 2a, of the Penal Code (rikoslaki, strafflagen, as modified by Act no. 654/2001), a person can be sentenced for unlawful use of narcotics to a fine or to imprisonment for at most six months.
4. Remedies
According to section 118, subsection 3, of the Constitution everyone who has suffered a violation of his or her rights or sustained loss through an unlawful act or omission by a civil servant or other person performing a public function shall have the right to request that the civil servant or other person in charge of the public function be sentenced to a punishment and that the public organisation, official or other person in charge of a public function be held liable for damages, as provided in more detail by an Act.
Chapter 40, section 9, subsection 1, of the Penal Code (Act no. 604/2002) provides that if a public official, when acting in office, intentionally in a manner other than that provided above in this Chapter violates or neglects to fulfil his official duty based on the provisions or regulations to be followed in official functions, and the act, when assessed as a whole, taking into consideration its detrimental and harmful effect and the other circumstances connected with the act, is not a petty offence, he shall be sentenced for violation of official duties to a fine or to imprisonment for at most one year.
Chapter 40, section 10, of the Penal Code (Act no. 604/2002) provides that if a public official, when acting in office, through carelessness or lack of caution, in a manner other than that referred to in section 5, subsection 2, violates or neglects to fulfil his or her official duty based on the provisions or regulations to be followed in official functions, and the act, when assessed as a whole, taking into consideration its detrimental and harmful effect and the other circumstances connected with the act, is not a petty offence, he shall be sentenced for negligent violation of official duties to a warning or to a fine.
According to Chapter 1, section 14, of the Criminal Procedure Act (laki oikeudenkäynnistä rikosasioissa, lagen om rättegång i brottmål, Act no. 689/1997), an injured party may bring a private prosecution only if the public prosecutor has decided not to press charges.
Under Chapters 3 and 4 of the Tort Liability Act (vahingonkorvauslaki, skadeståndslagen, Act no. 412/1974) proceedings may be brought against the State in respect of damage resulting from fault or negligence by its employees in the performance of their duties.
COMPLAINTS
The applicant complains under Articles 8 and 13 of the Convention that her right to respect for home and private life was violated and that she did not have a possibility, at any stage of the proceedings, to challenge the search or the bodily search before a court. There was thus no effective remedy available to her. The use of coercive measures was also pointless as nothing was seized by the police.
QUESTIONS TO THE PARTIES