FIRST SECTION
CASE OF ŠARIĆ AND OTHERS v. CROATIA
(Applications nos. 38767/07, 45971/07, 45974/07, 46081/07, 48420/07, 52794/07, 52800/07, 55769/07, 2830/08, 16100/08, 20908/08, 21316/08, 33528/08, 38570/08, 43104/08, 48223/08, 51350/08, 51532/08, 51535/08, 55447/08, 55450/08, 55513/08, 55619/08, 61242/08 and 61267/08)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
18 October 2011
This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Šarić and Others v. Croatia,
The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:
Anatoly
Kovler,
President,
Nina
Vajić,
Peer
Lorenzen,
Elisabeth
Steiner,
Khanlar
Hajiyev,
Linos-Alexandre
Sicilianos,
Erik
Møse,
judges,
and Søren Nielsen,
Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 27 September 2011,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
2. The applicants were all represented by Mr I. Škarpa, an advocate practising in Split. The Croatian Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Mrs Š. StaZnik.
THE FACTS
I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE
II. RELEVANT DOMESTIC LAW
A. The Decision of the Minister of Defence of 18 September 1995
“1. Permanent and reserve members of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia carrying out mining and demining works shall have the right to special daily allowances.
2. Special allowances shall be calculated in the amounts prescribed by the Decision on the Amount of Daily Allowance for Official Journeys and the Amount of Compensation for Users Financed from the State Budget [that is, 123 Croatian kunas (HRK) at the time], and so from the time of departure to [carry out] mining and demining works, according to the following criteria:
(a) the entire daily allowance for every twenty-four hours spent on mining and demining works, including periods of twelve to twenty-four hours [that is, between twelve and twenty-four hours];
(b) half the daily allowance for periods of eight to twelve hours.
3. The lists of persons entitled to special daily allowances, with details, shall be compiled by the commander at independent battalion level or higher, and shall be certified by the commander of the operational zone ... The certified list shall be submitted for payment to the regional finance department on whose territory mining and demining works have been carried out, at the latest on the third day of the month in respect of the preceding month.
4. This Decision shall enter into force on the day of its adoption, and shall be applicable from 1 June 1995.”
B. The Civil Procedure Act
5.a. Reopening of proceedings following a final judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg finding a violation of a fundamental human right or freedom
Section 428a
“(1) When the European Court of Human Rights has found a violation of a human right or fundamental freedom guaranteed by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms or additional protocols thereto ratified by the Republic of Croatia, a party may, within thirty days of the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights becoming final, file a petition with the court in the Republic of Croatia which adjudicated in the first instance in the proceedings in which the decision violating the human right or fundamental freedom was rendered, to set aside the decision by which the human right or fundamental freedom was violated.
(2) The proceedings referred to in paragraph 1 of this section shall be conducted by applying, mutatis mutandis, the provisions on the reopening of proceedings.
(3) In the reopened proceedings the courts are required to respect the legal opinions expressed in the final judgment of the European Court of Human Rights finding a violation of a fundamental human right or freedom.”
THE LAW
I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 1 OF PROTOCOL NO. 1 TO THE CONVENTION
“Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.”
A. As to the Government’s strike-out request
18. By letter dated 23 May 2011 the Government informed the Court that they proposed to make a unilateral declaration in respect of each applicant with a view to resolving the issue raised by their applications. They further requested the Court to strike out the applications in accordance with Article 37 of the Convention.
19. The declaration in respect of the first applicant provided that, having regard to the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Lelas v. Croatia (no. 55555/08, 20 May 2010), and given that the present case was, in terms of relevant facts and applicable law, identical to the Lelas case, the Government of Croatia:
“(a) acknowledge that in the instant case there has been a violation of the applicant’s right to peaceful enjoyment of his possessions, guaranteed by Article 1 of the Protocol No 1 to the Convention; and
(b) are ready to pay to Mr Milan Šarić, 7,220 euros, to cover the pecuniary damage consisting of the total amount of special daily allowances owed to the applicant as well as the total amount of the accrued statutory default interest, any non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses of domestic proceedings and proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights, plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicant.
This sum corresponds to the one sought by the applicant in his just satisfaction claim. It will be converted into Croatian kunas at the rate applicable on the date of payment, and will be payable within three months from the date of notification of the decision by the Court pursuant to Article 37 § 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights to the account indicated by the applicant. In the event of failure to pay this sum within the said three-month period, the Government undertake to pay simple interest on it, from expiry of that period until settlement, at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. The payment will constitute the final resolution of the case.”
20. The declarations in respect of other applicants differed only as regards the sum the Government was prepared to pay. These sums are listed in Annex I to this judgment.
21. In a letter of 15 June 2011 the applicants first argued that the sums proposed in the unilateral declarations did not reflect the statutory default interest, which had continued to run on the capital sum of their unpaid claims, and that, therefore, striking their applications out of the list would deprive them of the possibility to obtain that interest. In addition, a strike out decision would prevent them from having the domestic proceedings reopened because section 428a of the Civil Procedure Act (see paragraph 14 above) allowed civil proceedings to be reopened only on the basis of a judgment and not a decision of the Court. They further explained that only if the domestic proceedings were reopened would they be able to obtain the statutory default interest due on their claims. As an illustration, they submitted that following the Court’s judgment in the Lelas case (see Lelas v. Croatia no. 55555/08, 20 May 2010), the applicant had in the reopened proceedings before the domestic courts obtained compensation that had been, as a result of the accrued statuory default interest, double the capital sum of the special daily allowances owed to him. That being so, the amounts specified in the Government’s unilateral declarations could not and did not constitute full compensation for the damage sustained.
23. The Court reiterates that Article 37 of the Convention provides that it may at any stage of the proceedings decide to strike an application out of its list of cases where the circumstances lead to one of the conclusions specified under (a), (b) or (c) of paragraph 1 of that Article. Article 37 § 1 (c) enables the Court in particular to strike a case out of its list if:
“for any other reason established by the Court, it is no longer justified to continue the examination of the application”.
24. It further reiterates that in certain circumstances, it may strike out an application under Article 37 § 1(c) on the basis of a unilateral declaration by a respondent Government, even if the applicants wish the examination of the case to be continued.
25. To this end, the Court will examine carefully the declarations in the light of the principles emerging from its case-law, in particular the Tahsin Acar judgment (see Tahsin Acar v. Turkey, [GC], no. 26307/95, §§ 75-77, ECHR 2003-VI); WAZA Spółka z o.o. v. Poland (dec.) no. 11602/02, 26 June 2007, and Sulwińska v. Poland (dec.) no. 28953/03, 18 September 2007).
28. In this respect the Court notes that, following the Court’s judgment, Mr Lelas was able to obtain the reopening of his case before the national courts whereby he suceeded with his claim concerning pecuniary damage and was awarded the capital sum claimed and the statury interest due until the date of payment. However, without the possibility of having their cases reopened before the national courts the applicants in the present case would not be able to seek pecuniary damage due to them by the Croatian Government. Therefore, their position would significantly differ from that of Mr Lelas.
29. In these circumstances, the Court finds that the Government have failed to establish a sufficient basis for finding that respect for human rights as defined in the Convention and its Protocols does not require the Court to continue its examination of the case (see, for example, Kessler v. Switzerland, no. 10577/04, § 24, 26 July 2007, and Pirali Orujov v. Azerbaijan, no. 8460/07, § 31, 3 February 2011).
B. Admissibility
C. Merits
There has accordingly been a breach of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention.
III. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 OF THE CONVENTION
“In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ...”
IV. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
A. Damage
B. Costs and expenses
C. Default interest
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT UNANIMOUSLY
1. Decides to join the applications;
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months from the date on which the judgment becomes final in accordance with Article 44 § 2 of the Convention, the following amounts, to be converted into Croatian kunas at the rate applicable at the date of settlement:
(i) to each applicant, the amount specified in Annex II to the present judgment, plus any tax that may be chargeable, in respect of non-pecuniary damage;
(ii) to each applicant, EUR 820 (eight hundred and twenty euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable to them, in respect of costs and expenses;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points;
Done in English, and notified in writing on 18 October 2011, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Søren Nielsen Anatoly
Kovler
Registrar President
Annex I
Application no. |
Applicant’s name and place of residence |
Date of service of the Constitutional Court’s decision |
Lodged on |
Damages sought |
The total amount (damages and costs) sought in the JS claim |
The amount proposed by the Government in the unilateral declaration |
|
Costs sought |
|||||||
|
38767/07 |
Mr Milan Šarić, Split |
24 January 2007 |
24 July 2007 |
5,000 |
7,200 |
7,220 |
2,200 |
|||||||
|
45971/07 |
Mr Nebojša Vukas, Sinj |
3 April 2007 |
1 October 2007 |
5,000 |
7,400 |
7,420 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
45974/07 |
Mr Zan Marasović, Split |
23 March 2007 |
20 September 2007 |
5,000 |
7,120 |
7,140 |
2,120 |
|||||||
|
46081/07 |
Mr Davor Talaja, Otok |
16 March 2007 |
13 September 2007 |
3,000 |
5,400 |
5,420 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
48420/07 |
Mr Zeljko Čondić, Split |
16 March 2007 |
14 September 2007 |
1,000 |
2,460 |
2,480 |
1,460 |
|||||||
|
52794/07 |
Mr Josip Maleš, Sinj |
22 October 2007 |
9 November 2007 |
5,000 |
7,200 |
7,200 |
2,200 |
|||||||
|
52800/07 |
Mr Marijan Bešlić, Split |
22 October 2007 |
9 November 2007 |
3,200 |
5,800 |
6,645 |
2,600 |
|||||||
|
55769/07 |
Mr Ivan Tokić, Split |
12 October 2007 |
28 November 2007 |
6,000 |
8,400 |
9,260 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
2830/08 |
Mr Mate Bebić, Muć |
29 October 2007 |
7 December 2007 |
1,600 |
4,200 |
4,213.50 |
2,600 |
|||||||
|
16100/08 |
Mr Milenko Vučak, Split |
8 November 2007 |
19 February 2008 |
3,500 |
5,800 |
5,813.50 |
2,300 |
|||||||
|
20908/08 |
Mr Dragiša Debevc, Split |
12 October 2007 |
11 April 2008 |
6,000 |
8,400 |
8,413.50 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
21316/08 |
Mr Ivan Svalina, Crivac |
28 February 2008 |
16 April 2008 |
2,000 |
4,500 |
5,260 |
2,500 |
|||||||
|
33528/08 |
Mr Ivan Bitunjac, Otok |
12 December 2007 |
12 June 2008 |
5,000 |
7,400 |
7,413.50 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
38570/08 |
Mr Marko Botica, Split |
2 November 2007 |
2 May 2008 |
2,400 |
5,000 |
5,760 |
2,600 |
|||||||
|
43104/08 |
Mr Jure Piplica, Krivodol |
18 February 2008 |
18 August 2008 |
1,000 |
3,000 |
3,013.50 |
2,000 |
|||||||
|
48223/08 |
Mr Nikša Matas, Split |
20 March 2008 |
18 September 2008 |
600 |
2,100 |
2,113.50 |
1,500 |
|||||||
|
51350/08 |
Mr Petar Šipić, Solin |
31 March 2008 |
29 September 2008 |
4,300 |
6,700 |
6,713.50 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
51532/08
|
Mr Zeljko Mlikota, Split |
31 March 2008 |
29 September 2008 |
3,800 |
5,900 |
5,913.50 |
2,100 |
|||||||
|
51535/08 |
Mr Mirko Tešija, Lećevica |
10 April 2008 |
1 October 2008 |
4,400 |
6,700 |
6,713.50 |
2,300 |
|||||||
|
55447/08 |
Mr Mirko Bilobrk, Split |
14 April 2008 |
14 October 2008 |
3,200 |
5,600 |
5,613.50 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
55450/08 |
Mr Slavko Milić, Split |
16 April 2008 |
16 October 2008 |
400 |
1,700 |
1,713.50 |
1,300 |
|||||||
|
55513/08 |
Mr Ivica Runje, Sinj |
17 April 2008 |
17 October 2008 |
4,400 |
7,000 |
7,013.50 |
2,600 |
|||||||
|
55619/08 |
Mr Marijo Svalina, Split |
9 May 2008 |
6 November 2008 |
3,700 |
6,100 |
6,113.50 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
61242/08 |
Mr Ivica Šarac, Split |
13 May 2008 |
13 November 2008 |
4,000 |
6,400 |
7,160 |
2,400 |
|||||||
|
61267/08 |
Mr Srećko Tešija, Lećevica |
28 May 2008 |
28 November 2008 |
2,000 |
4,000 |
4,760 |
2,000 |
Annex II
No. |
Application no. |
Applicant’s name
|
The amount awarded by the Court in respect of non-pecuniary damage (in euros) |
1. |
38767/07 |
Mr Milan Šarić |
5,000 |
2. |
45971/07 |
Mr Nebojša Vukas |
5,000 |
3. |
45974/07 |
Mr Zan Marasović |
5,000 |
4. |
46081/07 |
Mr Davor Talaja |
3,000 |
5. |
48420/07 |
Mr Zeljko Čondić |
1,000 |
6. |
52794/07 |
Mr Josip Maleš |
5,000 |
7. |
52800/07 |
Mr Marijan Bešlić |
3,200 |
8. |
55769/07 |
Mr Ivan Tokić |
6,000 |
9. |
2830/08 |
Mr Mate Bebić |
1,600 |
10. |
16100/08 |
Mr Milenko Vučak |
3,500 |
11. |
20908/08 |
Mr Dragiša Debevc |
6,000 |
12. |
21316/08 |
Mr Ivan Svalina |
2,000 |
13. |
33528/08 |
Mr Ivan Bitunjac |
5,000 |
14. |
38570/08 |
Mr Marko Botica |
2,400 |
15. |
43104/08 |
Mr Jure Piplica |
1,000 |
16. |
48223/08 |
Mr Nikša Matas |
600 |
17. |
51350/08 |
Mr Petar Šipić |
4,300 |
18. |
51532/08
|
Mr Zeljko Mlikota |
3,800 |
19. |
51535/08 |
Mr Mirko Tešija |
4,400 |
20. |
55447/08 |
Mr Mirko Bilobrk |
3,200 |
21. |
55450/08 |
Mr Slavko Milić |
400 |
22. |
55513/08 |
Mr Ivica Runje |
4,400 |
23. |
55619/08 |
Mr Marijo Svalina |
3,700 |
24. |
61242/08 |
Mr Ivica Šarac |
4,000 |
25. |
61267/08 |
Mr Srećko Tešija, |
2,000 |