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European Court of Human Rights
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> European Court of Human Rights >> ALLENET DE RIBEMONT v. FRANCE (INTERPRETATION) - 15175/89 [1996] ECHR 27 (7 August 1996)
URL: http://www.bailii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/1996/27.html
Cite as: (1996) 22 EHRR 582, 22 EHRR 582, [1996] ECHR 27
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In the case of Allenet de Ribemont v. France (interpretation
of the judgment of 10 February 1995) (1),
The European Court of Human Rights, sitting, in accordance with
Article 43 (art. 43) of the Convention for the Protection of Human
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") and Rule 57 para. 4
of Rules of Court A (2), as a Chamber composed of the following judges:
Mr R. Ryssdal, President,
Mr F. Gölcüklü,
Mr L.-E. Pettiti,
Mr J. De Meyer,
Mr I. Foighel,
Mr A.N. Loizou,
Mr J.M. Morenilla,
Mr G. Mifsud Bonnici,
Mr B. Repik,
and also of Mr H. Petzold, Registrar, and Mr P.J. Mahoney, Deputy
Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 22 February, 22 April and
24 June 1996,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on the
last-mentioned date:
_______________
Notes by the Registrar
1. The case is numbered 3/1994/450/529. The first number is the
case's position on the list of cases referred to the Court in the
relevant year (second number). The last two numbers indicate the
case's position on the list of cases referred to the Court since its
creation and on the list of the corresponding originating applications
to the Commission.
2. Rules A apply to all cases referred to the Court before the entry
into force of Protocol No. 9 (P9) (1 October 1994) and thereafter only
to cases concerning States not bound by that Protocol (P9). They
correspond to the Rules that came into force on 1 January 1983, as
amended several times subsequently.
_______________
PROCEDURE
1. The European Commission of Human Rights ("the Commission")
submitted a request to the Court, under Rule 57 of Rules of Court A,
for the interpretation of the judgment delivered on 10 February 1995
in the case of Allenet de Ribemont v. France (Series A no. 308). The
request, dated 15 September 1995, was filed on 19 September 1995,
within the three-year period laid down by Rule 57 para. 1, and was
signed by Mr Trechsel, the President of the Commission.
2. In accordance with paragraph 4 of that Rule, the request for
interpretation has been considered by the Chamber which gave the
aforementioned judgment, composed of the same judges.
3. On 26 September 1995 the Registrar communicated the request to
the French Government ("the Government") and to the applicant and
invited them to submit any written comments by 12 January 1996, the
time-limit laid down by the President of the Chamber (Rule 57 para. 3).
The Registrar received the Government's observations on
12 January 1996 and the applicant's on 16 January.
The Court decided to dispense with a hearing.
THE REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATION
4. The case of Allenet de Ribemont v. France originated in an
application against the French Republic lodged with the Commission
under Article 25 (art. 25) by a French national,
Mr Patrick Allenet de Ribemont, on 24 May 1989.
5. On 21 January 1994 the Commission referred the case to the
Court, which gave judgment on 10 February 1995. The Court held that
there had been a breach of Article 6 para. 2 of the Convention
(art. 6-2) in that the principle of presumption of innocence had not
been complied with, and of Article 6 para. 1 (art. 6-1) on account of
the unreasonable length of the proceedings brought by the applicant to
secure compensation.
6. The Court ruled on the question of the application of
Article 50 of the Convention (art. 50) in the same judgment.
Mr Allenet de Ribemont had sought compensation for pecuniary
and non-pecuniary damage, which he assessed at 10,000,000 French francs
(FRF) in total. He had also asked the Court to hold that the State
should guarantee him against any application for enforcement of a
judgment delivered by the Paris tribunal de grande instance on
14 March 1979 or, failing that, to give him leave to seek an increase
in the amount of just satisfaction at a later date. Lastly, he had
sought FRF 270,384.28 for costs and expenses.
The Court's rulings on these three claims are given in
paragraphs 62, 65 and 68 respectively of the judgment of
10 February 1995:
"62. The Court does not accept Mr Allenet de Ribemont's
reasoning with regard to pecuniary damage. It considers,
nevertheless, that the serious accusations made against him at
the press conference of 29 December 1976 certainly diminished
the trust placed in him by the people he did business with and
thus made it difficult for him to pursue his occupation. It
therefore finds the claim for compensation in respect of
pecuniary damage to be justified in part.
Moreover, it agrees with the Delegate of the Commission that
the applicant indisputably sustained non-pecuniary damage on
account of the breach of Article 6 para. 1 (art. 6-1) and
especially Article 6 para. 2 (art. 6-2). Although the fact
that Mr de Broglie was well known, the circumstances of his
death and the stir it caused certainly gave the authorities
good reason to inform the public speedily, they also made it
predictable that the media would give extensive coverage to
the statements about the inquiry under way. The lack of
restraint and discretion vis-à-vis the applicant was therefore
all the more reprehensible. Moreover, the statements in issue
were very widely reported, both in France and abroad.
Taking into account the various relevant factors and making
its assessment on an equitable basis, as required by
Article 50 (art. 50), the Court awards Mr Allenet de Ribemont
a total sum of FRF 2,000,000."
"65. Like the Government, the Court points out that under
Article 50 (art. 50) it does not have jurisdiction to issue
such an order to a Contracting State (see, mutatis mutandis,
the Idrocalce S.r.l. v. Italy judgment of 27 February 1992,
Series A no. 229-F, p. 65, para. 26, and the Pelladoah v. the
Netherlands judgment of 22 September 1994, Series A no. 297-B,
pp. 35-36, para. 44). It further considers that the question
of just satisfaction is ready for decision."
"68. Making its assessment on an equitable basis, the Court
awards the applicant FRF 100,000 plus VAT."
7. The operative provisions of the judgment of 10 February 1995
read as follows:
"FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT
...
3. Holds by eight votes to one that the respondent State is
to pay the applicant, within three months, 2,000,000
(two million) French francs for damage;
4. Holds unanimously that the respondent State is to pay the
applicant, within three months, 100,000 (one hundred
thousand) French francs, plus value-added tax, for costs
and expenses;
5. Dismisses unanimously the remainder of the claim for just
satisfaction."
8. In a letter of 15 May 1995 to the Ministry of the Interior and
Regional Development, Mr Allenet de Ribemont's lawyer protested against
the Government's failure to pay the sums due to him under the Court's
judgment of 10 February 1995.
9. On 18 May 1995 the Ministry sent the applicant's lawyer the
originals of two orders for payment - one for a sum of FRF 2,000,000
and the other for a sum of FRF 118,600 (FRF 100,000 plus 18.6% VAT) -
in favour of Mr Allenet de Ribemont.
10. In July-August 1995 the applicant was informed that an
attachment had been effected on 3 March 1995 at the request of the
de Broglie family under a judgment given by the Paris tribunal de
grande instance on 14 March 1979, which had become final.
In July 1995 the bailiff through whom the attachment had been
effected had received by transfer two sums from the Treasury office:
one of FRF 2,000,000 and the other of FRF 118,600, following which he
sent a cheque to the applicant's lawyer made out in the latter's favour
for the second sum.
11. In a letter of 20 July 1995 - supplemented by another one of
16 August 1995 - Mr Allenet de Ribemont asked the President of the
Commission to lodge with the Court a request for interpretation of the
judgment of 10 February 1995 in order
"...
To determine in the total sum of 2,000,000 ... francs awarded
in compensation the part awarded for non-pecuniary damage and
the part awarded for pecuniary damage, it being clearly
understood that the additional sum of 100,000 ... francs plus
VAT awarded in the judgment ... is expressly intended to cover
the costs and expenses of counsel.
Further, to determine the attachable and non-attachable parts
of that compensation.
Finally, to determine the date on which any interest shall
become payable in the event of non-payment by the Government
of the French Republic.
..."
12. With reference to paragraph 2 of Rule 57, the Commission in its
request for interpretation put the following three questions to the
Court:
"Firstly: Is it to be understood that Article 50 of the
Convention (art. 50), which provides for an award of just
satisfaction to the injured party if the domestic law of the
High Contracting Party allows only partial reparation to be
made for the consequences of the decision or measure held to
be in conflict with the obligations arising from the
Convention, means that any sum awarded under this head must be
paid to the injured party personally and be exempt from
attachment?
Secondly: In respect of sums subject to legal claims under
French law, should a distinction be made between the part of
the sum awarded under the head of pecuniary damage and the
part awarded under the head of non-pecuniary damage? and
Thirdly: If so, what were the sums which the Court intended to
grant the applicant in respect of pecuniary damage and
non-pecuniary damage respectively?"
13. On 19 October 1995 the Committee of Ministers of the Council
of Europe adopted the following resolution (Resolution DH (95) 247):
"The Committee of Ministers ...,
...
Declares, after having taken note of the information supplied
by the Government of France, that it has exercised its
functions under Article 54 of the Convention (art. 54) in this
case, subject to any new examination which could be required
as a result of the Court's interpretative judgment.
Appendix to Resolution DH (95) 247
Information provided by the Government of France during the
examination of the Allenet de Ribemont case by the Committee
of Ministers
...
With regard to the payment of the just satisfaction the
Government can give the following information.
Anxious to ensure the proper execution of the judgment of the
European Court of Human Rights of 10 February 1995, the French
Government set in motion the payment procedure necessary in
order to ensure that Mr Allenet de Ribemont was paid in the
course of May 1995.
However, on 6 March 1995 the heirs of Mr de Broglie,
Mr Allenet de Ribemont's creditors, notified the General
Payment Office (Paierie générale du Trésor) of their request
that the sum be seized.
No attachment judgment was necessary since Mr de Broglie's
heirs had a valid execution title in the form of a judgment
from 1979 and the Payment Office paid Mr Allenet de Ribemont's
creditors on 18 July 1995 upon production of an affidavit of
non-opposition (certificat de non-opposition) issued by
Me Noquet, Enforcement Officer in Paris.
France has accordingly complied with its obligations under the
judgment of the European Court of Human Rights and cannot be
concerned by the problems which on this occasion may oppose
private parties."
AS TO THE LAW
14. Under the terms of Rule 57 of Rules of Court A,
"1. A Party or the Commission may request the interpretation
of a judgment within a period of three years following the
delivery of that judgment.
2. The request shall state precisely the point or points in
the operative provisions of the judgment on which
interpretation is required ...
..."
15. The Government argued that the request for interpretation was
inadmissible. The Court had clearly laid down in its judgment of
10 February 1995 that it had no jurisdiction to rule on whether the
sums in issue were or were not liable to attachment, so that the
judgment was not "obscure" or "ambiguous".
They added that the Court had no jurisdiction to determine the
dispute between the recipient of just satisfaction and that person's
creditors. Yet this was the purpose of the Commission's request since,
as the Committee of Ministers had found on 19 October 1995, the
Government had discharged their obligations under Article 54 of the
Convention (art. 54).
Furthermore, it followed from the Court's case-law that the
Court could not declare exempt from attachment the sums it awarded
under Article 50 (art. 50).
Lastly, and only in the alternative, the Government said that
there was no principle in French law that sums awarded by national
courts for pecuniary or non-pecuniary damage were exempt from
attachment. At all events, it would be impossible in the instant case
to identify the sums that the Court had meant to award
Mr Allenet de Ribemont for pecuniary damage and non-pecuniary damage
respectively as the judgment of 10 February 1995 did not itself do so.
16. The applicant, who had asked the Commission to submit a request
for interpretation to the Court, contended that the request was
admissible.
On the merits his main submission was that the sums awarded by
the Court pursuant to Article 50 (art. 50) were autonomous vis-à-vis
domestic law. Indeed, the purpose of just satisfaction, he argued, was
to compensate for specific damage arising from a breach of the
Convention - an international treaty - for which the internal law of
the State held to have committed a breach allowed only partial
reparation to be made. It was also designed to penalise that State.
Lastly, supervision of the execution of the Court's judgments in which
one or more breaches of the Convention had been found - and the State
in question, where appropriate, ordered to pay specified sums - was
governed by special rules. Under Article 54 of the Convention
(art. 54), it was for the Committee of Ministers of the Council of
Europe to deal with any difficulties of execution, and not for the
State's administrative or judicial authorities. Given also the
indissoluble bond between the award and its recipient, all the sums
ordered to be paid to the victim of a breach were exempt from
attachment, whatever the domestic rules on the subject.
In the alternative, the applicant argued that if the Court held
that only sums in respect of non-pecuniary damage were exempt from
attachment, it should take into account the fact that the judgment of
10 February 1995 compensated for that damage distinctly more than for
pecuniary damage.
Mr Allenet de Ribemont also sought FRF 50,000 in respect of
costs and fees incurred during the present proceedings for
interpretation.
17. The Court observes that, when considering a request for
interpretation, it "is exercising inherent jurisdiction: it goes no
further than to clarify the meaning and scope which it intended to give
to a previous decision which issued from its own deliberations,
specifying if need be what it thereby decided with binding force" (see
the Ringeisen v. Austria judgment of 23 June 1973, Series A no. 16,
p. 8, para. 13).
18. In its first question the Commission asks the Court whether
"Article 50 of the Convention (art. 50) ... means that any sum awarded
under this head must be paid to the injured party personally and be
exempt from attachment".
19. The Court understands this question as an invitation to
interpret Article 50 (art. 50) in a general, abstract way. That,
however, goes outside not only the bounds laid down by Rule 57 of Rules
of Court A but also those of the Court's contentious jurisdiction under
the Convention (see, mutatis mutandis, the Ringeisen judgment
previously cited, p. 8, para. 13, and the Lawless v. Ireland judgment
of 14 November 1960, Series A no. 1, p. 11).
At all events, the Court did not in the present case rule that
any sum awarded to Mr Allenet de Ribemont was to be free from
attachment. The applicant had asked the Court to hold that the State
should guarantee him against any application for enforcement of the
judgment delivered by the Paris tribunal de grande instance on
14 March 1979 (paragraph 63 of the judgment of 10 February 1995). In
response the Court said that "under Article 50 (art. 50) it does not
have jurisdiction to issue such an order to a Contracting State"
(paragraph 65 of the judgment). Accordingly, the question was left to
the national authorities acting under the relevant domestic law.
20. The Commission's second and third questions read as follows:
"In respect of sums subject to legal claims under French law,
should a distinction be made between the part of the sum
awarded under the head of pecuniary damage and the part
awarded under the head of non-pecuniary damage?"
"If so, what were the sums which the Court intended to grant
the applicant in respect of pecuniary damage and non-pecuniary
damage respectively?"
21. In its judgment of 10 February 1995 the Court awarded the
applicant FRF 2,000,000 "for damage" without distinguishing between
pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage.
In its reasoning it found "the claim for compensation in
respect of pecuniary damage to be justified in part" and considered
that the applicant "indisputably sustained non-pecuniary damage"
(paragraph 62 of the Court's judgment of 10 February 1995;
paragraphs 6-7 above). Taking into account "the various relevant
factors and making its assessment on an equitable basis", it awarded
the applicant "a total sum of FRF 2,000,000" (ibid.).
22. It follows that, in relation to the sum awarded, the Court
considered that it did not have to identify the proportions
corresponding to pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage respectively. The
Court is not bound to do so when affording "just satisfaction" under
Article 50 of the Convention (art. 50). In point of fact it is often
difficult, if not impossible, to make any such distinction, as is
illustrated in several previous judgments where the Court granted an
aggregate sum (see, among other authorities, the following judgments:
Billi v. Italy, 26 February 1993, Series A no. 257-G, p. 90, para. 25;
Barberà, Messegué and Jabardo v. Spain, 13 June 1994, Series A
no. 285-C, p. 58, para. 20; and López Ostra v. Spain, 9 December 1994,
Series A no. 303-C, pp. 57-58, paras. 62-65).
23. The Court's judgment of 10 February 1995 is clear on the points
in the operative provisions on which interpretation has been requested.
To hold otherwise would not be to clarify "the meaning and scope" of
that judgment but rather to modify it in respect of an issue which the
Court decided "with binding force" (see the Ringeisen judgment
previously cited, p. 8, para. 13).
Accordingly, there is likewise no matter for interpretation
within the meaning of Rule 57 of Rules of Court A.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT
1. Holds by eight votes to one that it has no jurisdiction to
answer the first question put by the Commission, and
consequently rejects the Commission's request for
interpretation on this point;
2. Holds unanimously that it is unnecessary to answer the
Commission's second and third questions, and consequently
rejects the request for interpretation on these points.
Done in English and in French, and delivered at a public
hearing in the Human Rights Building, Strasbourg, on 7 August 1996.
Signed: Rolv RYSSDAL
President
Signed: Herbert PETZOLD
Registrar
In accordance with Article 51 para. 2 of the Convention
(art. 51-2) and Rule 53 para. 2 of Rules of Court A, the following
separate opinions are annexed to this judgment:
(a) concurring opinion of Mr Pettiti;
(b) dissenting opinion of Mr De Meyer.
Initialled: R.R.
Initialled: H.P.
CONCURRING OPINION OF JUDGE PETTITI
(Translation)
I voted with the majority, accepting in particular that the
Court had to answer the questions as put by the Commission. This was
not a general, abstract request for interpretation from the Committee
of Ministers under Protocol No. 2 to the Convention (P2), which could
have related to the specific nature of compensation for non-pecuniary
damage under Article 50 of the Convention (art. 50).
The Court rejects both the Government's submission that the
Court had no jurisdiction to determine the issue and the submission
that the Court could not rule on a question of exemption from
attachment.
The Court rightly notes that when considering a request for
interpretation, it may exercise an inherent jurisdiction in a
particular case and, if need be, clarify its decision in respect of
Article 50 of the Convention (art. 50).
The applicant's complaints relating to the procedural
circumstances of enforcement measures taken in France are still under
the jurisdiction of the national courts.
It was therefore solely in reply to the questions as put by the
Commission under Rule 57 of Rules of Court A that the Court rejected
the Commission's request.
DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE DE MEYER
(Translation)
1. In my opinion, we should have answered the Commission's first
question in the affirmative.
It is true that this question can be understood "as an
invitation to interpret Article 50 (art. 50) in a general, abstract
way" (1). But that is so only in appearance. In reality, the
Commission was asking us to say, in concrete terms and in the
particular case of Mr Allenet de Ribemont, whether the "just
satisfaction" awarded him in the judgment of 10 February 1995 had or
had not to be "paid to [him] personally and be exempt from attachment".
_______________
1. Paragraph 19 of the judgment, first sub-paragraph.
_______________
At all events, it must not be forgotten, firstly, that
questions "concerning the interpretation and application" (2) of
Article 50 of the Convention (art. 50) are just as much within the
Court's jurisdiction as those concerning the Convention's other
provisions and, secondly, that we very often include in the reasons
given for our judgments forms of words defining "in a general, abstract
way" the meaning to be given to such provisions before applying them
to the particular case.
_______________
2. Article 45 of the Convention (art. 45).
_______________
Nor is it sufficient to point out that in the judgment of
10 February 1995 the Court held that it had no jurisdiction to order
the French State to "guarantee" the applicant "against any application
for enforcement of the judgment delivered by the Paris tribunal de
grande instance on 14 March 1979". That does not necessarily mean that
it thus resolved the problem raised by the Commission in its first
question by leaving it "to the national authorities acting under the
relevant domestic law" (3).
_______________
3. Paragraph 19 of the judgment, second sub-paragraph.
_______________
Such a solution is scarcely in keeping with the spirit of the
Convention.
For one thing, it is hard to accept that the execution of a
judgment in which an applicant is awarded "just satisfaction" under
Article 50 (art. 50) should be subject to different legislation in
different countries.
For another, it is just as hard to accept that the right to
compensation for a breach of fundamental rights recognised by the
Convention may be frustrated by an ordinary debt arising under national
law. This is particularly offensive in the instant case as the claim
against the applicant arose, at least indirectly, from a breach of such
rights in regard to him (4).
_______________
4. See the judgment of 10 February 1995, Series A no. 308, p. 22,
para. 59, and paragraph 10 of the present judgment.
_______________
We should therefore have said, as our predecessors did in the
Ringeisen case in reply to an identical question, that the compensation
is to be paid to the applicant "personally and free from attachment"
(5).
_______________
5. See the Ringeisen v. Austria judgment of 23 June 1973, Series A
no. 16, p. 9, second point of the operative provisions, p. 6, para. 8,
and p. 9, para. 15.
_______________
2. As regards the other two questions put by the Commission, I am
of the same opinion as the other members of the Chamber.