FIRST SECTION
CASE OF ABAKUMOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 50116/18 and 37 others -
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
30 November 2023
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Abakumov and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Péter Paczolay, President,
Gilberto Felici,
Raffaele Sabato, judges,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 9 November 2023,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government ("the Government") were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
6. The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68-73, 17 January 2023).
7. The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 11 of the Convention.
8. The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v. Lithuania [GC], no. 37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v. Turkey, no. 74552/01, ECHR 2006-XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v. Moldova, no. 33482/06, 31 March 2009).
9. In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014 and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
10. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants' freedom of assembly were not "necessary in a democratic society".
11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention.
12. Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and its Protocols, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible.
13. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention and its Protocols in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia, no. 5865/07, §§ 63-65, 13 February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia, nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018, and Korneyeva v. Russia, no. 72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; Karelin v. Russia, no. 926/08, §§ 58-85, 20 September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences (the CAO); and Martynyuk v. Russia, no. 13764/15, §§ 38-42, 8 October 2019, relating to the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of administrative detention.
14. Some applicants raised further complaints under the Convention. In view of the findings in paragraphs 11 and 13 above, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with these remaining complaints.
15. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case-law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos. 25809/17 and 14 others, § 22, 4 October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 30 November 2023, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Péter Paczolay
Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention
(disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies)
Application no. Date of introduction | Applicant's name Year of birth
| Representative's name and location | Name of the public event Location Date | Administrative offence | Penalty | Final domestic decision Court Name Date | Other complaints under well-established case-law | Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros)[1] | |
10/10/2018 | Vyacheslav Valeryevich ABAKUMOV 1986 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius | Opposition rally
Voronezh 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO
Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000
5 days of detention | Voronezh Regional Court 14/06/2018
Voronezh Regional Court 14/06/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in both sets of administrative-offence proceedings | 5,000 | |
10/10/2018 | Sergey Igorevich SENTSOV 1998 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius | Opposition rally
Voronezh 05/05/2018
| Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO
Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO
| 5 days of detention
fine of RUB 10,000
| Voronezh Regional Court 15/06/2018
Voronezh Regional Court 26/06/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in both sets of administrative-offence proceedings | 5,000 | |
10/10/2018 | Aleksey Andreyevich FILONOV 2000 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius | Opposition rally
Voronezh 05/05/2018 | Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO | 5 days of detention | Voronezh Regional Court 15/06/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-06/05/2018 detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 5,000 | |
27/10/2018 | Aleksandr Vasilyevich TONKO 1958 | Yatsenko Irina Aleksandrovna Moscow | Rally of mortgage loaners
Moscow 28/11/2017 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 26/04/2018
(received no earlier than 27/04/2018) | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 28/11/2017 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
05/11/2018 | Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich KALMYKOV 1991 | Terekhov Konstantin Ilyich Moscow | Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Astrakhan 28/01/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Astrakhan Regional Court 11/05/2018 |
| 3,500 | |
31/10/2018 | Petr Petrovich PETROV 1957 | Pershakova Yelena Yuryevna Moscow | Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Perm 07/10/2017 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Perm Regional Court 06/06/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 3,500 | |
01/11/2018 | Yegor Fedorovich YEREMEYEV 1988 | Sergeyeva Irina Vadimovna Moscow | Assembly to support Telegram
Moscow 16/04/2018
| Article 20.2.2 § 1 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 30/05/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 16-17/04/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
27/10/2018 | Vladimir Vasilyevich GONTAR 1971 | Yatsenko Irina Aleksandrovna Moscow | Rally of mortgage loaners
Moscow 28/11/2017 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 26/04/2018
(received no earlier than 27/04/2018) | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 28/11/2017 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
31/10/2018 | Kirill Andreyevich KLYUSOV 1999 | Cherkasov Vitaliy Viktorovich St Petersburg | Opposition rally
St Petersburg 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | St Petersburg City Court 14/06/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-06/05/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
13/11/2018 | Lyudmila Aleksandrovna SUKOVA 1987 | Sergeyeva Irina Vadimovna Moscow | Assembly to support Telegram
Moscow 16/04/2018 | Article 20.2.2 § 1 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 30/05/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 16-17/04/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
16/11/2018 | Sofya Dmitriyevna TROFIMOVA 1999 | Sergeyeva Irina Vadimovna Moscow | Assembly to support Telegram
Moscow 16/04/2018 | Article 20.2.2 § 1 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 30/05/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 16-17/04/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
21/01/2019 | Vyacheslav Borisovich STEBLIN 1968 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius | Opposition rally
Moscow 05/05/2018
Rally to support I. Golunov
Moscow 12/06/2019 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO
Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO
Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000
fine of RUB 1,000
fine of RUB 150,000 | Moscow City Court 06/08/2018
Moscow City Court 22/10/2018
Moscow City Court 12/11/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 12-13/06/2019 escorting to and detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in three sets of administrative-offence proceedings | 6,000 | |
18/03/2019 | Vyacheslav Vladimirovich VERESHCHAGIN 1972 | Olenichev Maksim Vladimirovich St Petersburg | LGBT-rights rally
St Petersburg 04/08/2018 | Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | fine of RUB 150,000 | St Petersburg City Court 25/09/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 5,400 | |
02/04/2019 | Svetlana Nikolayevna VOLKOVA 1982 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally against the pension reform
Yekaterinburg 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 22/11/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 09/09/2018 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report | 4,000 | |
02/04/2019 | Aleksey Andreyevich BARINOV 1988 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally against the pension reform
Yekaterinburg 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 22/01/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 09/09/2018 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
02/04/2019 | Kirill Sergeyevich BADULIN 1996 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Opposition rally
Moscow 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 30/11/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05/05/2018 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
17/05/2019 | Nikolay Anatolyevich DUBININ 1989 | Yelanchik Oleg Aleksandrovich Moscow | Rally against the pension reform
Moscow 10/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 20/11/2018 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 10/09/2018 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
27/05/2019 | Yekaterina Igorevna MAKSIMOVA 1988 | Sozonov Ruslan Vladimirovich Nizhniy Novgorod | Rally against the pension reform
Nizhniy Novgorod 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO | fine of RUB 11,000 | Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court 28/11/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 3,500 | |
05/06/2019 | Ilyana Aleksandrovna SOLOVYEVA 1978 |
| Animal-rights protest
Voronezh 03/11/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Voronezh Regional Court 06/12/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 3,500 | |
17/06/2019 | Vadim Dmitriyevich SUKHONENKO 1996 | Chernyavskaya Andzhelika Viktorovna Oktyabrskiy | Rally against the pension reform
Novosibirsk 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 5,000 | Novosibirsk Regional Court 18/12/2018 |
| 3,500 | |
17/06/2019 | Veronika Nikolayevna RAZUMOVA 1989 | Chernyavskaya Andzhelika Viktorovna Oktyabrskiy | Rally against the pension reform
Novosibirsk 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Novosibirsk Regional Court 18/12/2018 |
| 3,500 | |
14/06/2019 | Vladislav Yuryevich KRASAVIN 2000 | Yatsenko Irina Aleksandrovna Moscow | Opposition rally
Moscow 28/10/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 14/12/2018 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 3,500 | |
19/07/2019 | Dmitriy Yuryevich LVOV 1992 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Opposition rally
Moscow 05/05/2018
| Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO
Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO
| fine of RUB 10,000
fine of RUB 1,000
| Moscow City Court 18/02/2019
Moscow City Court 22/03/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-07/05/2018 detention in a police station for and after compiling the offence reports | 4,000 | |
10/07/2019 | Vea Iosifovna KERPEL 1985 | Sholokhov Igor Nikolayevich Kazan | Rally against the construction of a waste-disposal factory
Kazan 17/08/2018 | Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 15/05/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 28/03/2019 and 02/04/2019, escorting to a police station for recompiling an offence report in relation to the rally on 17/08/2018;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
17/07/2019 | Vladislav Alekseyevich KRASNOV 1998 |
| Rally against the pension reform
Moscow 10/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000 | Moscow City Court 18/01/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 10/09/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
16/07/2019 | Dmitriy Aleksandrovich KOROLEV 1999 |
| Opposition rally
Moscow 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 16/01/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-06/05/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
24/07/2019 | Yevgeniy Valeryevich NAYMUSHIN 1985 | Yatsenko Irina Aleksandrovna Moscow | Opposition rally
Moscow 05/05/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 20,000 | Moscow City Court 24/01/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-06/05/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
16/07/2019 | Denis Mikhaylovich YEREMIN 1987 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally against the pension reform
Moscow 09/09/2018
| Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Moscow City Court 14/03/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 09/09/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report | 4,000 | |
30/07/2019 | Grigoriy Andreyevich IVANOV 1987 | Koroleva Galina Vasilyevna Yekaterinburg | Rally against the pension reform
Yekaterinburg 09/09/2018 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 27/02/2019 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 09-10/09/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 4,000 | |
02/03/2020 | Aleksandr Andreyevich BAIKIN 1990 |
| Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Yaroslavl 07/10/2017
Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Yaroslavl 31/01/2021 | Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO
Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | case discontinued for lack of corpus delicti
fine of RUB 10,000 | Kirovskiy District Court of Yaroslavl 09/10/2017 (the applicant lodged a claim for compensation due to unlawful administrative proceedings, arrest and violation of his freedom of assembly - final judgment by the Russian Supreme Court on 18/09/2019)
Yaroslavl Regional Court 09/04/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 07-09/10/2017 and 31/01/2021 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling offence reports; compensation case in relation to the proceedings in 2017 was dismissed (final decision on 18/09/2019 by Supreme Court);
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings in the 2021 case | 5,000 | |
28/07/2021 | Sergey Sergeyevich SMIRNOV 1988 | Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow | Rally to support A Navalnyy
Moscow 31/01/2021 | Article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO | 8 days of detention | Moscow City Court 18/02/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 31/01/2021-01/02/2021 escorting to and detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings;
Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of detention | 5,000 | |
30/07/2021 | Oleg Stanislavovich VODYANITSKIY 1967 | Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius | Rally to support A Navalnyy
Kaliningrad 31/01/2021 | Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO | 5 days of detention | Kaliningrad Regional Court 04/02/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 30-31/01/2021 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report
| 5,000 | |
12/08/2021 | Amir Radikovich IBATULLIN 1998 | Shchukin Andrey Yevgenyevcich Nizhniy Tagil | Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Yekaterinburg 31/01/2021 | Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | 20 hours of community work | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 08/06/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 31/01/2021 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report | 4,000 | |
18/08/2021 | Aleksandr Vladimirovich MATVEYEV 1995 | Shchukin Andrey Yevgenyevcich Nizhniy Tagil | Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Yekaterinburg 21/04/2021
| Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | 30 hours of community work | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 14/07/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 21/04/2021 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report | 4,000 | |
18/08/2021 | Andrey Olegovich LIPATOV 1992 | Kachanov Roman Yevgenyevich Yekaterinburg | Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Yekaterinburg 31/01/2021
| Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | 30 hours of community work | Sverdlovsk Regional Court 01/04/2021 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 3,500 | |
15/09/2021 | Stepan Yevgenyevich SHIROBOKOV 1999 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Tomsk 23/01/2021
| Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 15,000 | Tomsk Regional Court 26/03/2021 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 3,500 | |
10/09/2021 | Nikolay Nikolayevich YUGIN 1967 | Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius | Rally to support A. Navalnyy
Tomsk 31/01/2021
| Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO | fine of RUB 10,000 | Tomsk Regional Court 19/03/2021 | Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings | 3,500 | |
20/10/2021 | Vladimir Pavlovich DRAGUN 1986 | Magomedova Luiza Magomedovna St Petersburg | Rally to support protesters in Belarus
St Petersburg 24/01/2021 | Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO | 9 days of detention | St Petersburg City Court 27/04/2021 | Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 23-24/03/2021 escorting to and detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report in relation to the rally on 24/01/2021;
Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings;
Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of detention | 5,000 |
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.