THIRD SECTION

CASE OF LEVIN AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA

(Application no. 29584/05 and 8 others -
see appended list)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

11 January 2018

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Levin and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
	Luis López Guerra, President,
	Dmitry Dedov,
	Jolien Schukking, judges,
and Liv Tigerstedt, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 7 December 2017,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1.  The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2.  The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”).
THE FACTS
3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4.  The applicants complained of the excessive length of their pre-trial detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
Article I.	I.  JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
Article II.	II.  ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 5 § 3 OF THE CONVENTION
6.  The applicants complained principally that their pre-trial detention had been unreasonably long. They relied on Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, which read as follows:
Article 5 § 3
“3.  Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be ... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.”
7.  The Court observes that the general principles regarding the right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial, as guaranteed by Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, have been stated in a number of its previous judgments (see, among many other authorities, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 110, ECHR 2000‑XI, and McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, §§ 41-44, ECHR 2006‑X, with further references).
8.  In the leading case of Dirdizov v. Russia, no. 41461/10, 27 November 2012, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
9.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the applicants’ pre-trial detention was excessive.
10.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention.
Article III.	III.  OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW
11.  In application no. 43735/16, the applicant complained under Article 5 § 4 of the Convention about the lack of a speedy review of his detention, in accordance with the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). This complaint is not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor is it inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, it must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that it also discloses a violation of the Convention in the light of its findings in Idalov v. Russia [GC], no. 5826/03, §§ 154-158, 22 May 2012.
Article IV.	IV.  REMAINING COMPLAINTS
12.  In application no. 29584/05, the applicant also raised other complaints under various Articles of the Convention.
13.  The Court has examined the application and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.
It follows that this part of the application must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.
Article V.	V.  APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
14.  Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
15.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Pastukhov and Yelagin v. Russia, no. 55299/07, 19 December 2013), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
16.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1.  Decides to join the applications;

2.  Declares the complaints concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention and the other complaints under well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible and the remainder of the application no. 29584/05 inadmissible;

3.  Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention;

4.  Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the complaint raised in application no. 43735/16 as another complaint under well-established case-law (see appended table);

5.  Holds
(a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.

6.  Dismisses the remainder of the applicants’ claims for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 11 January 2018, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
	Liv Tigerstedt	Luis López Guerra
	Acting Deputy Registrar	President

APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention
(excessive length of pre-trial detention)
No.	Application no.
Date of introduction	Applicant name
Date of birth	Representative name and location	Period of detention
Length of detention	Courts which issued detention orders/examined appeals	Specific grievances	Other complaints under well-established case-law	Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant
(in euros)	
1.		29584/05
06/07/2005	Viktor Anatolyevich Levin
16/09/1956	Preobrazhenskaya Oksana Vladimirovna
Strasbourg	30/10/2003 to
21/10/2005
1 year and 11 months and 22 days
	Trusovskoy District Court of the Astrakhan Region/Astrakhan Regional Court	- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;
- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;
- failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;
- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.		2,000	
2.		38432/11
10/06/2011	Denis Alekseyevich Vorotyntsev
23/01/1975	Shakhnazarov Norayr Georgiyevich
Lyubertsy	18/03/2010 to
19/10/2012
2 years and 7 months and 2 days
	Tverskoy District Court of Moscow/Moscow City Court	- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;
- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice, with a mere link to the behavior of the alleged accomplices;
- failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;
- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint;
- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.		2,800	
3.		60229/11
15/09/2011	Yuriy Valentinovich Shorchev
09/05/1972	Agranovskiy Dmitriy Vladimirovich
Elektrostal	03/04/2009 to
25/11/2013
4 years and 7 months and 23 days
	Leninskiy District Court of Saransk/Oktyabrskiy District Court of Saransk/Supreme Court of the Mordoviya Republic/Supreme Court of the Russian Federation	- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.
		4,800	
4.		70271/12
24/10/2012	Denis Yuryevich Basargin
20/04/1980	Afanasyeva Yelena Vadimovna
Yekaterinburg	03/02/2012 to
25/12/2013
1 year and 10 months and 23 days
	Leninskiy District Court of Tyumen/Tyumen Regional Court	- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts (non-violent crime (car theft) – gravity of the crime cited;
- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;
- failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;
- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.		2,100	
5.		15174/13
17/12/2012	Yakov Trifonovich Ivashov
31/01/1949	Khaliullin Robert Nurgaleyevich
Kazan	12/07/2011 to
03/07/2014
2 years and 11 months and 22 days
	Vakhitovskiy District Court of Kazan/Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic	- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;
- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;
- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint;
- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.		3,000	
6.		9210/15
02/02/2015	Mikhail Yevgenyevich Kopalov
18/05/1993	
	26/05/2011 to
08/08/2016
5 years and 2 months and 14 days
	Novosavinskiy District Court of Kazan/Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic	- collective detention orders;
- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.
		5,300	
7.		43735/16
22/07/2016	Konstantin Sergeyevich Yevtikheyev
10/04/1984	Meleshko Aleksandr Valeryevich
St Petersburg	09/09/2014
pending
More than 3 years and 3 months 	Petrogradskiy District Court of St Petersburg/St Petersburg City Court	- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts (non-violent crime – gravity of the crime was cited by the courts);
- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;
- failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;
- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint;
- failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.	Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - decision of 04/03/2016 - appeal decision of 30/03/2016;
decision of 07/06/2016 - appeal decision of 06/07/2016.
	4,300	
8.		9495/17
19/01/2017	Aleksandr Vitalyevich Protopopov
14/01/1961	Vasilyev Aleksey Anatolyevich
Izhevsk	13/01/2016 to
17/05/2017
1 year and 4 months and 5 days
	Syktyvkar Town Court of the Komi Republic/Supreme Court of the Komi Republic	- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;
- failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;
- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.		1,500	
9.		14039/17
07/02/2017	Aleksey Aleksandrovich Byakov
13/05/1985	
	11/08/2016 to
08/05/2017

02/06/2017 to
28/06/2017
More than 9 months 	Predgornyy District Court of the Stavropol Region

Stavropol Regional Court	- fragility of the reasons employed by the courts;
- use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice;
- failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colliding or absconding;
- failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint. 		1,000