THIRD SECTION

CASE OF ZELENKOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 8306/10 and 6 others –
see appended list)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

28 September 2017

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Zelenkov and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
	Luis López Guerra, President,
	Dmitry Dedov,
	Jolien Schukking, judges,
and Liv Tigerstedt, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 7 September 2017,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1.  The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2.  The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”).
THE FACTS
3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4.  The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. Some applicants also raised complaints under the Article 13 of the Convention.
THE LAW
Article I.	I.  JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
Article II.	II.  ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION
6.  The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
Article 3
“No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”
7.  The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, §§ 90‑94, ECHR 2000‑XI, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 139‑65, 10 January 2012). It reiterates in particular that extreme lack of space in a prison cell or overcrowding weighs heavily as an aspect to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the impugned detention conditions were “degrading” from the point of view of Article 3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see, amongst many authorities, Karalevičius v. Lithuania, no. 53254/99, §§ 36-40, 7 April 2005).
8.  In the leading case of Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, no. 5993/08, 28 November 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
9.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate.
10.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention.
Article III.	III.  REMAINING COMPLAINTS
11.  In applications nos. 71726/12 and 63359/13 the applicants submitted also complaints under Article 13 of the Convention, in accordance with the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Ananyev and Others v. Russia (cited above, §§ 100-19, pertaining to the absence of an effective remedy to complaint about the conditions of detention in Russia).
Article IV.	IV.  APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
12.  Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
13.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, (just satisfaction), no. 5993/08, 16 October 2014 and Mozharov and Others v. Russia, no. 16401/12 and 9 others, 21 March 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
14.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1.  Decides to join the applications;

2.  Declares the applications admissible;

3.  Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention;

4.  Holds that there has been a violation as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);

5.  Holds
(a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 28 September 2017, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
	Liv Tigerstedt	Luis López Guerra
Acting Deputy Registrar	President

APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention
(inadequate conditions of detention)
No.	Application no.
Date of introduction	Applicant name
Date of birth
	Representative name and location	Facility
Start and end date
Duration	Number of inmates per brigade
Sq. m. per inmate
Number of toilets per brigade	Specific grievances	Other complaints under well-established case-law	Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant
(in euros)	
1.		8306/10
23/12/2009	Leonid Yuryevich Zelenkov
23/05/1968	
	IK-43 Kemerovo
09/03/2010 to
17/02/2011
11 month(s) and 9 day(s)

IK-43 Kemerovo, disciplinary cell
18/01/2011 to
23/12/2011
11 month(s) and 6 day(s)

IK-1 Mariinsk, Kemerovo Region, disciplinary cell
26/07/2011 to
10/08/2011
16 day(s)
	1.6 m²

2 m²	Fewer sleeping places than inmates.

The applicant had to wear winter clothing all the time because of low temperature, the cell was in a basement. walls were covered with frost, sleeping place made of metal suspended on chains was short making the applicant sleep with his head and feet on the chain.

Insects, no ventilation, low partition between the lavatory and the living area.		8,000	
2.		71726/12
05/10/2012	Leonid Valeryevich Rudik
31/08/1987	
	IK-56 Sverdlovskiy Region
27/06/2012 to
24/03/2014
1 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 26 day(s)		No sewage, no running water, 30 litres of water of poor quality allowed daily. A bucket instead of lavatory, the applicant had to use it in awkward position, stench, poor ventilation, low temperature in the cell in winter time, poor lighting, tuberculosis-infected inmates in cell next door, no access to natural light, poor quality of food.	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	7,300	
3.		8684/13
03/01/2013	Valentin Ivanovich Kuzmenko
23/02/1971	
	IK-4 Aleksandriyskaya Stavropol Region
10/08/2011 to
22/09/2011
1 month(s) and 13 day(s)

IK-3 Krasnokumskoe Stavropol Region
22/09/2011 to
17/11/2013
2 year(s) and 1 month(s) and 27 day(s)

IK-4 Aleksandriyskaya Stavropol Region
17/11/2013 to
23/01/2015
1 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 7 day(s)	65 inmate(s)
1 m²
3 toilet(s)

80 inmate(s)
0.9 m²
2 toilet(s)

65 inmate(s)
1 m²
3 toilet(s)	lack of sleeping places, dim electric light, no ventilation, lack of water, small walking yard of 28 sq.m. (0.4 sq.m. per inmate), walks every 2-3 days for 30-40 minutes, shower once in two weeks, 1 shower head, no running water, water heater of 70 litres for 65 inmates

4 sinks, a toilet with two seats in outhouse, overcrowding, small kitchen of 10 sq.m., small canteen of 12 sq.m., dim electric light in all premises, daily shower, one shower head, water heater of 70 litres for 80 inmates

3 sinks, lack of sleeping places, dim electric light, no ventilation, lack of water, the air heavy with cigarette smoke in the premises and walking yard, a small walking yard of 28 sq.m. (0.4 sq.m. per inmate), walks every 2-3 days for 30-40 minutes, the smell of garbage pervaded the walking yard from the inner dumpster, shower once in two weeks, 1 shower head, no running water, water heater of 70 litres for 65 inmates, no disinfection of shower, no warm clothes in winter
		11,300	
4.		63359/13
09/09/2013	Andrey Anatolyevich Zlobin
20/08/1978	
	IK-29 Kirov Region
27/02/2012
pending
More than 5 year(s) and
3 month(s) and 12 day(s)	1.6 m²	Tuberculosis-infected inmates in the cell, no heating in the toilet, poor quality of food and drinking water, dining room for 54 inmates measured 7 sq. m. 4 faucets for 54 inmates, 4 pans for 54 inmates, no ventilation in the toilet, no partition between pans until 11/02/2013, no ventilation. 	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	16,300	
5.		44330/15
21/08/2015	Roman Gennadyevich Lyakh
09/12/1971	
	IK-11 Nizhniy Novgorod Region
17/08/2009 to
20/03/2015
5 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 4 day(s)
	1.9 m²	Poor ventilation, high humidity, insufficient space for outside exercises, 100 sq. m. for 160-420 inmates.		5,000	
6.		44212/16
29/09/2016	Aleksandr Yuryevich Nikitin
19/06/1987	
	IK-9 Volgograd
28/05/2016 to
29/07/2016
2 month(s) and 2 day(s)	2 m²	Overcrowding, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, no or restricted access to toilet, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, inadequate temperature
		1,700	
7.		64171/16
24/10/2016	Artem Valeryevich Nikiforov
26/05/1987	Vinogradov Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Kostroma	IK-1 Kostroma
12/03/2015 to
12/09/2016
1 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 1 day(s)
	20 inmate(s)
1.6 m²	Overcrowding, poor quality of food		5,000