THIRD SECTION

CASE OF VILKOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA

(Application no. 38884/13 and 5 others -
see appended list)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

20 July 2017

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Vilkov and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
	Luis López Guerra, President,
	Dmitry Dedov,
	Jolien Schukking, judges,
and Liv Tigerstedt, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 29 June 2017,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1.  The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2.  The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”).
THE FACTS
3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4.  The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
Article I.	I.  JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
Article II.	II.  ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION
6.  The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
Article 3
“No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”
7.  The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, §§ 90‑94, ECHR 2000‑XI, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 139‑65, 10 January 2012). It reiterates in particular that extreme lack of space in a prison cell or overcrowding weighs heavily as an aspect to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the impugned detention conditions were “degrading” from the point of view of Article 3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see, amongst many authorities, Karalevičius v. Lithuania, no. 53254/99, §§ 36‑40, 7 April 2005).
8.  In the leading case of Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, no. 5993/08, 28 November 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
9.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate.
10.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention.
Article III.	III.  REMAINING COMPLAINTS
11.  In applications nos. 44253/13, 56597/14, 56739/14, 56740/14 the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, in accordance with the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill‑founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Sergey Babushkin v. Russia (no. 5993/08, §§ 38-45, 28 November 2013, pertaining to the absence of an effective remedy to complaint about the conditions of detention in Russia).
Article IV.	IV.  APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
12.  Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
13.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, (just satisfaction), no. 5993/08, 16 October 2014 and Mozharov and Others v. Russia, no. 16401/12 and 9 others, 21 March 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
14.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1.  Decides to join the applications;

2.  Declares the applications admissible;

3.  Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention;

4.  Holds that there has been a violation as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);

5.  Holds
(a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 20 July 2017, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
	Liv Tigerstedt	Luis López Guerra
	Acting Deputy Registrar	President

APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention
(inadequate conditions of detention)
No.	Application no.
Date of introduction	Applicant name
Date of birth
	Facility
Start and end date
Duration	Number of inmates per brigade
Sq. m. per inmate
Number of toilets per brigade	Specific grievances	Other complaints under well-established case-law	Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses
per applicant
(in euros)	
1.		38884/13
23/05/2013	Yevgeniy Vladimirovich Vilkov
07/06/1970	IK-11
Bor
Nizhniy Novgorod Region
30/05/2006 to
23/05/2013
6 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 24 day(s)
	135 inmate(s)
2.1 m²
6 toilet(s)

	six sinks, small walking yard, poor food quality, no warm seasonal clothes and shoes, inadequate time for eating – 5 min.
		5,000	
2.		44253/13
01/06/2013	Sergey Petrovich Nesynov
10/12/1976	IK-1
Stavropol
28/11/2012
pending
More than 4 year(s) and
3 month(s) and 9 day(s)
	120 inmate(s)
0.8 m²

	overcrowding, dampness, poor food quality
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	15,800	
3.		47807/14
04/10/2014	Mikhail Aleksandrovich Salomatin
03/07/1981	IK-5
Lepley
Republic of Mordovia
01/04/2014 to
02/10/2014
6 month(s) and 2 day(s)
	500 inmate(s)
0.8 m²
13 toilet(s)

	2 sinks for 1000 inmates, no hot water, irregular running water supply, cold dormitory – 13 degrees Cels. above zero, frequent electricity outage, inmates infected with HIV, hepatitis and tuberculosis, squat toilet in outhouse without heating, poor food quality, unsanitary conditions in canteen
		3,200	
4.		56597/14
30/09/2014	Yevgeniy Gavrilovich Zvezdkin
01/05/1950	IK-10
Rubtsovsk
Altay Region
22/05/2009
pending
More than 7 year(s) and
9 month(s) and 15 day(s)
	200 inmate(s)
2.4 m²

	no hot water, joint sleeping places – lack of privacy, no radio, cold toilet in outhouse - lack of privacy and unpleasant odour
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	13,300	
5.		56739/14
18/09/2014	Konstantin Nikolayevich Shambin
20/02/1975	IK-3
Ufa
Bashkortostan Republic
25/01/2010 to
10/06/2014
4 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 17 day(s)
	86 inmate(s)
1 m²
2 toilet(s)

	1 urinal, 2 sinks, unsanitary conditions in the shower with slime on the walls and floor, five shower heads for 20 inmates for 20 min., inmates infected with tuberculosis, HIV, poor food quality, no salt in food, no ventilation
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	5,000	
6.		56740/14
16/09/2014	Aleksey Salavatovich Baymurzin
23/11/1975	IK-3
Ufa
Bashkortostan Republic
16/07/2009 to
01/07/2014
4 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 16 day(s)
	86 inmate(s)
1.4 m²
7 toilet(s)

	8 sinks, unsanitary conditions in shower with slime on the walls and floor, five shower heads for 28 inmates for 20 min., inmates infected with tuberculosis and HIV, restricted access to toilet, poor food quality, no salt in food, no ventilation
	Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention - 	5,000