THIRD SECTION

CASE OF TOMOVIĆ AND OTHERS v. SERBIA

(Applications nos. 5327/11, 5352/11, 5364/11, 5370/11, 5381/11, 5389/11, 5390/11, 13351/11, 13353/11, 17353/11, 17376/11, 17396/11, 17399/11, 17404/11, 17418/11, 17420/11, 17422/11, 17427/11 and 17434/11)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

24 February 2015

This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Tomović and Others v. Serbia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
	Ján Šikuta, President,
	Dragoljub Popović,
	Iulia Antoanella Motoc, judges,
and Marialena Tsirli, Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 3 February 2015,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1.  The case originated in nineteen separate applications (nos. 5327/11, 5352/11, 5364/11, 5370/11, 5381/11, 5389/11, 5390/11, 13351/11, 13353/11, 17353/11, 17376/11, 17396/11, 17399/11, 17404/11, 17418/11, 17420/11, 17422/11, 17427/11 and 17434/11) against the Republic of Serbia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”). The applicants are all Serbian nationals, and their further personal details are set out in the Annex to this judgment.
2.  The applicants were all represented by Ms R. Garibović, a lawyer practising in Novi Pazar. The Serbian Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Ms V. Rodić.
3.  On 28 November 2013 the applications were communicated to the Government.
4.  The Government objected to the examination of the applications by a Committee. After having considered the Government’s objection, the Court rejects it.
THE FACTS
I.  THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE
A.  Civil proceedings brought by the applicants
5.  All the applicants were employed by Raketa-Putnički Saobraćaj AD, a company based in Užice (hereinafter “the debtor”).
6.  Since the debtor had failed to fulfil its obligations toward its employees, the applicants brought numerous separate civil claims, seeking payment of salary arrears and various social security contributions.
7.  The applicants obtained final court decisions ordering the debtor to pay them certain sums. The essential information as to the domestic proceedings in respect of each application is indicated in the annexed table.
B.  Insolvency proceedings
8.  On 12 July 2010 the Commercial Court (Privredni sud) in Užice opened insolvency proceedings in respect of the debtor. As a result, all of the ongoing enforcement proceedings against the debtor were terminated.
9.  The applicants duly reported their respective claims based on the above-mentioned court decisions to the insolvency administration.
10.  On 8 June 2011 the court accepted the applicants’ claims.
11.  On 29 July 2014 the applicants’ representative informed the Court that some of the decisions at issue had been partially enforced in the insolvency proceedings.
12.  The insolvency proceedings in respect of the debtor are still ongoing.
C.  The debtor’s status
13.  The debtor, which operated as a socially-owned company, was privatised on 27 December 2002.
14.  On 17 July 2007 the privatisation was annulled because the buyer in question had failed to fulfil his contractual obligations.
15.  Following the annulment of the debtor’s privatisation the State owned 58.18% of shares in the company.
16.  On 11 December 2008 the State sold its shares to a private company.
II.  RELEVANT DOMESTIC LAW AND PRACTICE
17.  The relevant domestic law concerning the status of socially-owned companies, enforcement and insolvency proceedings are outlined in the cases of R. Kačapor and Others v. Serbia, nos. 2269/06 et al., §§ 57-64 and §§ 71-76, 15 January 2008 and Jovičić and Others v. Serbia (dec.), no. 37270/11, §§ 88-93, 15 October 2013. Furthermore, the case-law of the Constitutional Court in respect of socially-owned companies, together with the relevant provisions concerning constitutional appeals and the privatisation of socially-owned companies, are outlined in the admissibility decision in Marinković v. Serbia (dec.), no. 5353/11, §§ 26-29 and  §§ 31-44, 29 January 2013; and the judgment in Marinković v. Serbia, no. 5353/11, §§ 29-32, 22 October 2013.
THE LAW
I.  JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
18.  The Court considers that, in accordance with Rule 42 § 1 of the Rules of the Court, the applications should be joined, given their common factual and legal background.
II.  ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLES 6 AND 13 OF THE CONVENTION AND ARTICLE 1 OF PROTOCOL No. 1 TO THE CONVENTION
19.  The applicants complained of the respondent State’s failure to enforce final court decisions rendered in their favour against the debtor and of the lack of an effective remedy in that connection. The relevant provisions of Articles 6 § 1 and 13 of the Convention, as well as Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 read as follows:
Article 6 § 1
“In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ..., everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law.”
Article 1 of Protocol No. 1
“Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.”
Article 13
“Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.”
A.  Admissibility
20.  The Government argued that the applications were incompatible ratione personae with the provisions of the Convention and/or that they were inadmissible on non-exhaustion grounds.
21.  The Court recalls that it has already considered similar arguments and rejected them (see, for example, the judgments in R. Kačapor and Others, § 114 and Marinković, § 39, both cited above; and the decisions in Marinković, § 59 and Jovičić, § 102, both cited above). It sees no reason to depart from this approach in the present cases. Therefore, the Court decides to reject the Government’s admissibility objections.
22.  As the applications are neither manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention nor inadmissible on any other grounds, they must be declared admissible.
B.  Merits
23.  The Court notes that the final court decisions rendered in the applicants’ favour remain unenforced to the present date.
24.  The Court observes that it has frequently found violations of Article 6 of the Convention and/or Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention in cases raising issues similar to those raised in the present case (see R. Kačapor and Others, cited above, §§ 115-116 and § 120; Marčić and Others v. Serbia, no. 17556/05, § 60, 30 October 2007; Crnišanin and Others v. Serbia, nos. 35835/05, 43548/05, 43569/05 and 36986/06, §§ 123-124 and §§ 133-134, 13 January 2009; Rašković and Milunović v. Serbia, nos. 1789/07 and 28058/07, § 74 and § 79, 31 May 2011; and Adamović v. Serbia, no. 41703/06, § 41, 2 October 2012).
25.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court considers that the Government have not put forward any fact or convincing argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion in the present case. There has, accordingly, been a violation of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1.
26.  Having reached this conclusion, the Court does not find it necessary to examine essentially the same complaint under Article 13 of the Convention (see mutatis mutandis, Kin-Stib and Majkić v. Serbia, no. 12312/05, § 90, 20 April 2010).
III.  APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
27.  Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
A.  Damage, costs and expenses
28.  The applicants requested that the State be ordered to pay, from its own funds, the sums awarded by the final court decisions rendered in their favour, as well as the costs of the enforcement proceedings, plus 5,000 euros (EUR) in respect of non-pecuniary damage to each of them. The applicants also claimed EUR 450 each for the legal costs incurred before the Court.
29.  The Government considered the claims excessive and unjustified.
30.  Having regard to the violations found in the present case and its own case-law (R. Kačapor and Others, §§ 123-26, and Crnišanin and Others, § 139, both cited above), the Court finds that the Government should pay the applicants the sums awarded in the court decisions specified in the Annex, less any amounts which may have already been paid in this regard.
31.  As regards non-pecuniary damage, the Court considers that the applicants sustained some non-pecuniary loss arising from the breaches of the Convention found in this case. The particular amount claimed, however, is excessive. Making its assessment on an equitable basis, as required by Article 41 of the Convention, the Court considers it reasonable to award EUR 2,000 to each applicant to cover any non-pecuniary damage, as well as costs and expenses (see Stošić v. Serbia, no. 64931/10, §§ 66 and 67, 1 October 2013).
B.  Default interest
32.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1.  Decides to join the applications;

2.  Declares the applications admissible;

3.  Holds that there has been a violation of Article 6 of the Convention and of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention;

4.  Holds that there is no need to examine the complaint under Article 13 of the Convention;

5.  Holds
(a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the sums awarded in the final domestic judgments rendered in their favour specified in the Annex, as well as the established costs of the enforcement proceedings, less any amounts which may have already been paid on this basis;
(b)  that the respondent State is to pay each applicant, within the same period, EUR 2,000 (two thousand euros) in respect of non-pecuniary damage, costs and expenses, plus any tax that may be chargeable on this amount, which is to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(c) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amount at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points;

6.  Dismisses the remainder of the applicants’ claim for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 24 February 2015, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
	Marialena Tsirli	Ján Šikuta
	Deputy Registrar	President

ANNEX

No.	Application
no. and date of introduction	Applicant name
date of birth
	Domestic decision details	Date when the decision became final	Details of the enforcement order / claim in the insolvency proceedings 	
1.		5327/11
30/12/2010	Siniša TOMOVIĆ
04/02/1952
	Užice
22/10/2007
	
25/12/2007	Užice
20/07/2010	
2.		5352/11
30/12/2010	Radoje JOVANOVIĆ
17/11/1955
	Užice
06/08/2007	
09/09/2007	Požega
20/03/2009	
3.		5364/11
30/12/2010	Stevan BRKOVIĆ
13/11/1949
	Užice
02/03/2007
13/09/2007
	
22/03/2007
09/10/2007	Požega
04/02/2008
20/03/2009
	
4.		5370/11
30/12/2010	Goran MARINKOVIĆ
26/11/1960
	Užice
13/09/2007	
09/10/2007	Požega
24/03/2009	
5.		5381/11
31/12/2010	Milun ĆITIĆ
18/11/1959
	Užice
16/10/2007
31/01/2008

29/11/2007
15/02/2008	Požega
29/09/2009
03/03/2009	
6.		5389/11
30/12/2010	Milenko PAŠIĆ
21/10/1979
	Užice
17/09/2007
	
09/10/2007	Požega
20/03/2009	
7.		5390/11
30/12/2010	Miloje MLAĐENOVIĆ
04/10/1973
	Užice
13/09/2007

10/10/2007	Požega
15/04/2008	
8.		13351/11
30/12/2010	Milan JOVIČIĆ
30/12/1957
	Užice
16/10/2007	
29/11/2007	Požega
24/09/2009
	
9.		13353/11
30/12/2010	Velisav KOSTIĆ
11/02/1953
	Užice
24/10/2007
	
29/11/2007	Požega
30/09/2009	
10.		17353/11
29/12/2010	Zlatko PETROVIĆ
06/01/1971
	Užice
10/10/2007
	
29/11/2007	Kosjerić
30/04/2009
	
11.		17376/11
29/12/2010	Zoran BATAKOVIĆ
27/03/1965
	Užice
06/08/2007
	
19/09/2007	Požega
20/03/2009	
12.		17396/11
29/12/2010	Zoran OSTOJIĆ
12/05/1961
	Užice
03/08/2007
	
16/09/2007	Požega
06/07/2009	
13.		17399/11
29/12/2010	Milun OSTOJIĆ
06/08/1963
	Užice
29/06/2007
	
10/10/2007	Požega
07/07/2009	
14.		17404/11
29/12/2010	Dragan MARINKOVIĆ
26/11/1960
	Užice
06/08/2007	
11/09/2007	Požega
15/04/2009	
15.		17418/11
29/12/2010	Veroljub VASILJEVIC
30/03/1959
	Užice
27/07/2007	
02/08/2007	Užice
02/08/2010	
16.		17420/11
29/12/2010	Radosav PANIĆ
21/07/1959
	Užice
31/07/2007
	
28/08/2007	Požega
11/05/2009	
17.		17422/11
29/12/2010	Mitar LAZOVIĆ
08/11/1959
	Užice
16/04/2008
	
25/05/2008	Požega
13/03/2009	
18.		17427/11
29/12/2010	Dragan TOMIĆ
05/09/1955
	Užice
10/04/2008	
09/05/2008	Požega
09/03/2009	
19.		17434/11
29/12/2010	Milan KOSTIĆ
17/02/1953
	Užice
03/09/2007	
10/10/2007	Požega
19/09/2008